Approaches in psychology 0.0 / 5 ? PsychologyResearch methods and techniquesASAQA Created by: yit43Created on: 30-04-16 20:16 Introspection Studying the mind by breaking up conscious awareness into basic structures of thoughts, images and sensations 1 of 17 The behaviourist approach A way of explaining behaviour in terms of what's observable and in terms of learning 2 of 17 Classical conditioning Learning by association 3 of 17 Operant conditioning A form of learning in which behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences e.g punishment and reinforcement 4 of 17 Reinforcement A consequence of behaviour that increases the likelihood of that behaviour being repeated. 5 of 17 Social learning theory A way of explaining behaviour that includes both direct and indirect reinforcement 6 of 17 Vicarious reinforcement Reinforcement which isn't directly experienced but occurs through observing someone else being reinforced for a behaviour 7 of 17 Mediational processes Cognitive factors that influence learning and come between stimulus and response 8 of 17 The cognitive approach This approach focuses on how our mental processes affect behaviour 9 of 17 Schema A mental framework of beliefs and expectations that influence cognitive processing 10 of 17 The biological approach Emphasises the importance of physical processes in the body 11 of 17 Genotype The particular set of genes that a person possesses 12 of 17 Phenotype The characteristics of an individual determined by both genes and the environment 13 of 17 Sensory neuron These carry messages from the PNS to the CNS; they have long dendrites and short axons 14 of 17 Relay neuron These connect the sensory neurons to the motor or other relay neurons; they have short dendrites and short axons 15 of 17 Motor neurons They connect the CNS to effectors such as muscles and glands; they have short dendrites and long axons 16 of 17 Psychodynamic approach A perspective that describes the different forces, most of which are unconscious, that operate on the mind and direct human behaviour and experience 17 of 17
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