Apoptosis and Necrosis 0.0 / 5 ? PharmacyPM1A- Autumn TermUniversityNone Created by: odionj01Created on: 19-02-19 14:22 What is Necrosis? Uncontrolled cell Death, that's associated with disease. 1 of 21 What is Apoptosis? Programmed cell death or cell suicide 2 of 21 Nam some common features of Apoptosis? Cell shrinkage, surface blebbing, does not affect neighbour cells 3 of 21 Name some common features of Necrosis? Cell swelling, membrane rupture, promotes death of neighbour cells 4 of 21 What is the importance of apoptosis? Embryo development, immune system, homeostasis, cancer (radiotherapy) 5 of 21 How is apoptosis triggered? Receptor or Mitochondria mediated. Both involve the activation of proteases called caspases. 6 of 21 What are caspases and describe their function? Cysteine-aspartic proteases. They exists as inactive pro-enzymes in cells. After cleavage, they activate other caspases in a cascade. 7 of 21 What are the two types of caspases? Initiator caspases and effector (executioner) caspases 8 of 21 What is the function of initiator caspases? They activate other caspases. 9 of 21 What is the function of effector caspases? They break down cellular components like the cytoskeleton and DNA. 10 of 21 What is the role of the plasma membrane in apoptosis? Phosphatidylserine in the inner lipid layer flips over to the outer layer and acts as a signal to trigger macrophages. 11 of 21 What is the role of mitochondria in the apoptosis pathway? Cytochrome C is released into the cytosol from the mitochondria and acts as a trigger for apoptosis 12 of 21 What forms a apoptosome? Cytochrome C and cystolic proteins 13 of 21 What is required to make an apoptosome? Cytochrome C, Apaf-1, Pro-caspase 9 and ATP 14 of 21 What is the function of the Bcl-2 family of proteins? Regulation of cytochrome C release from the mitochondria 15 of 21 What is the function of anti-apoptotic proteins? Act to block the action of the pro-apoptotic. 16 of 21 What is the function of pro-apoptotic proteins? Promote the formation of large pores into outer membrane that leads to release of cytochrome C. 17 of 21 What is necrosis driven by and name some examples? Extrinsic factors: Infection, direct toxic threat, freezing, trauma 18 of 21 Necrosis is a caspase independent process? TRUE OR FALSE TRUE 19 of 21 What is necroptosis? Programmed, controlled necrosis that shares some features with apoptosis. 20 of 21 What controls necroptosis? Molecular switches that choose between apoptosis and necrosis. This is regulated by receptor interacting protein (RIP) kinases 21 of 21
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