anti-inflammatory effects

?
what plays a big role in pathogenesis of conditions such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease
inflammation
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what is chronic low-grade inflammation
slow condition where your body is on long-term constant state of high alert indicated by elevated levels of circulating inflammation markers such as IL-6, CRP and TNF
2 of 17
give reasons why inflammation is a good thing
1. acute inflammation is a transient response
2. essential component of immunosurveillance and host defence which serves to initiate elimination of toxic agents and repair damaged tissue
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local response of a cellular injury
1. increased blood flow
2. capillary dilation - causing swelling
3. leukocyte infiltration of neutrophils especially
4. production of chemical mediators
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describe the termination of inflammatory response
active process involving cytokines and anti-inflammatory mediators such as T-reg cells and interleukin (IL-10) which is an anti-inflammatory cytokine
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why is inflammation a bad thing
if it develops into persistent inflammation or chronic low-grade inflammation
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effects of physical inactivity
adipocytes/adipose tissue increase in size with pro-flammatory phenotype
obesity induces a constant state of low-grade inflammation
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obesity effect
induces a constant state of low-grade inflammation characterised by activation and infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells such as macrophages and granulocytes, and a dysregulated production of acute-phase proteins, ROS, adipokines and pro-inflammat
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exercise
each exercise bout causes short increases in leukocytes, as well as a range of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines - time response differs as IL-6 peaks first then stimulates a cascade
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acute phase protein response to heavy exercise
increases but is delayed in comparison to time course of most other cytokines
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inflammation biomarkers
many of these increase transiently after intense and prolonged exercise are chronically expressed at lower levels in obese people at a resting state
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adiposity vs exercise
high body fat isn't a marker of chronic inflammation as even if someone has high body fat but physically active they had lower resting biomarkers
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non-communicable diseases
characterised by low grade inflammation, oxidative stress and immune dysfunction
exercise counters the effect of the disease process by a constant circulation of innate immune cells
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what does stimulating cellular and molecular changes do
promotes anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant state through multiple mechanisms
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reduction in abdominal and visceral fat mass
exercise increases circulating levels of adiponectin and decreases levels of pro-inflammatory adipokines (IL-6, TNF and leptin)
System inflammation is reduced as a direct result of lowering fat stores in abdominal depots
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release of IL-6 from contracting muscles
at rest 30% of circulating IL-6 comes from adipose tissue and during exercise levels increase up to 10 fold
this rise seems to be responsible for subsequent rise in circulating inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-1ra)
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increase level of circulating adrenaline and cortisol
exhibits immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects
cortisol secretion appears to be augmented by rise of circulating IL-6 from working muscles
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Card 2

Front

what is chronic low-grade inflammation

Back

slow condition where your body is on long-term constant state of high alert indicated by elevated levels of circulating inflammation markers such as IL-6, CRP and TNF

Card 3

Front

give reasons why inflammation is a good thing

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

local response of a cellular injury

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

describe the termination of inflammatory response

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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