alcohols 3.5 / 5 ChemistryBonding & shapesFunctional GroupsASOCR Created by: rayanne vitaliCreated on: 07-02-13 21:11 name the two ways to produce alcohols hydration of ethene , fermentation of glucose 1 of 27 name 2 advantages of using hydration to produce alcohol ? produces almost 100% percentage yield, all atoms in reactants are used and present in product(no waste) 2 of 27 name 2 disadvantages of using hydration to produce alcohol ? alot of energy needed to maintain high temperatures and pressures,ethene from crude oil is needed which is a non renewable source 3 of 27 name an advantage of using fermentation to produce alcohols is fairly cheap as no extra energy required to maintain high temperatures and pressures 4 of 27 name two disadvantages of using fermentation to produce alcohols only produces a 15% yield , losses CO2 in reaction as a waste product 5 of 27 name two uses of ethanol as a fuel and in methylated spirits 6 of 27 why do alcohols have a relatively high boiling point ? because of the presence of strong hydrogen bonds between alcohol molecules 7 of 27 define volatility the ease that a liquid turns into a gas. volatility increases as boiling point decreases 8 of 27 why are alcohols soluble in water ? because hydrogen bonds form between the OH group of the alcohol and water molecules 9 of 27 why does solubility decrease as an alcohols chain length increases a larger part of the alcohol molecule is made up of a non-polar hydrocarbon chain which does not form hydrogen bonds with water molecules 10 of 27 what makes a primary alcohol ? when the OH functional group is at the end of a carbon chain 11 of 27 what makes a secondary alcohol ? when the OH functional group is in the middle of a carbon chain 12 of 27 what makes a tertiary alcohol? when the OH functional group is opposite a side chain coming off of the longest carbon chain 13 of 27 what 2 products are formed when alcohols are burnt completely ? CO2 + H2O 14 of 27 what makes a suitable oxidising agent for an alcohol ? a solution containing acidified dichromate ions 15 of 27 what is an oxidising mixture for alcohols made up of ? potassium dichromate and sulfuric acid 16 of 27 during the oxidation of alcohols what colour is the acidified potassium dichromate ( oxidising agent) changes from an initial orange to green 17 of 27 when a primary alcohol is oxidised what is produced ? if heated gently it produces a aldehyde and water , if strongly heated it produces a carboxylic acid 18 of 27 when a secondary alcohol is oxidised what is produced ? ketones which cannot be oxidised further and water 19 of 27 when a tertiary alcohol is oxidised what is produced ? nothing as tertiary alcohols are resistant to oxidation. 20 of 27 define esterification the reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid to produce an ester and water 21 of 27 name conditions which are needed for an ester to be produced alcohol must be warmed with a carboxylic acid and an acid catalyst must be present 22 of 27 what is a common acid catalyst used in esterification ? concentrated sulfuric acid 23 of 27 where does the product water come from in the process of esterification ? the OH of the carboxylic acid and the H of the OH functional group of an alcohol 24 of 27 what are esters used for ? adhesives and solvents in the chemical industry to produce food flavourings and perfumes 25 of 27 define dehydration an elimination reaction in which water if removed from the saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule 26 of 27 when an alcohol is dehydrated what products are produced? an alkene 27 of 27
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