advancing physics

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  • Created by: baimzej
  • Created on: 02-05-16 13:46
Acceleration
A vector quantity -the rate of change of velocity
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Amorphous
an amorphous material has no long range order. - the atoms form strong bonds with each other to make a rigid structure without any regularity
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Brittle
a brittle material breaks by snapping cleanly, it undergoes no or little plastic deformation before breaking
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Coherence
two sources of wave are coherent if they emit waves with a constant phase difference and have the same frequency
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conductor (electrical)
conduxts electricity well on account of having many free charge carriers
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conservation of energy
during any interaction, the total energy before the interaction is the same as the total energy after the interaction
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conservation of momentum
the total momentum beofre the interaction is the same as the total momentum after the interaction
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dislocation
a defect in the regular structure of a crystal or crystalline region of a material. in metal, disolacations are mobile and make metal ductile
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dissipation
thermal energy transfer resulting in an increase in internal energy, often of the surroundings
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drift velocity
the mean velocity of charge carriers in a conductor carrying an electrical current
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ductile
a ductile material can easily be drawn into a wire. materilas are ductile because the non-directional metallic bonds allow ions to slide past one another
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elastic deformation
when a material deforms elastically, it regains its original shape after deformation
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elastic limit
maximum stress at which an object returns to its original shape after the deforming strss has been removed
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fracture
an object fractures when it breaks into two or more pieces when placed under stress
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hard
a material is hard it it is difficult to dent its surface. many ceramics are very hard
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insulator (electrical)
a material that conducts electricity poorly on account of having very few ions that are capable of movement
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intensity
the energy per unit time carried by the waves and incident normally per unit area of surface
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interference
interference is produced if waves from two coherent sources overlap
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Kirchoff's first law
at any electrical junction, the total current into the junction=the total current out of the junction
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Kirchoff's second law
around any electrical circuit, the sum of all e.m.f = the sum of all p.d.s
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malleable
a material is described as malleable if it is easy to hammer or press a sheet into a required shape
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Newton's first Law
a stationary objevt will remain stationary, and a moving object will continue moving with the same momentum, unless an external force acts upon it
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Newton's second Law
when an external force acts upon an object, it produces a momentum change according to F=rate of change of momentum= if there is no change in mass
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Newton's third Law
when object A exerts a force F upon object B, then the object B exerts a force -F on object A
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plastic deformation
when a material deforms plastically it undergoes permanent stretching or distrtion before breaking
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polarisation
transverse waves are linearly polarised if they vibrate in one plane only. unpolarised transverse waves vibrate in a randomly changing plane. Longtitudinal waves cannot be polarised.
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polycrystalline
complosed of tiny crystal grains. within each grain the material shows an ordered structure but the orientation of each individual grain is random
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relative velocity
the velocity a moving object appears to have when viewed from another moving object
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resolution (of a digital image)
the scale of the smallest detail that can be distinguished
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semiconductor
a material midway in electrical conductivity and resistivity between conductors and insulators
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stiff
a material that has a small extension per units force. the stiffness is indicated by the Youngs Modulus
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strain
change of length per unit length. a ratio of two lengths and therefore has no unit. Often represented by the greek letter epsilon
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stress
stress, both tensile and compressive, is the force per unit area acting at right angles to a surface. The units of stress are Pa or Nm . often represented by the greek letter sigma
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tension
tensile forces are stretching forces. An object is in tension when two forces act upon it in oppostie directions to make the object stretch along the line of action in the forces
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threshhold frequency
the minimum frequency of light that will eject photoelectrons from a given surface. it varies with materials
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tough
it does not break by snapping cleanly. A tough material is resistantto the propogation of cracks and is the opposite of brittleness
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work function
the minimum energy required to eject photoelectrons from the given surface
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yield stress
the stress at which a specimen begins to yield, where plastic deformation begins
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

an amorphous material has no long range order. - the atoms form strong bonds with each other to make a rigid structure without any regularity

Back

Amorphous

Card 3

Front

a brittle material breaks by snapping cleanly, it undergoes no or little plastic deformation before breaking

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

two sources of wave are coherent if they emit waves with a constant phase difference and have the same frequency

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

conduxts electricity well on account of having many free charge carriers

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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