A Level Sociology Key Terms - Families and Households

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Bean Pole Family
A family with a long, thin structure. For example, there might be 4 generations alive, but each generation hasn't had many children. This is a 21st century example of an extended family, but it's members are more likely to live apart than in the past.
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Birth Rate
The number of babies born per thousand per year.
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Civil Partnership
The legally or formally recognised union of a man and a woman (or in some countries two people of the same sex) in a committed relationship.
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Co-habitation
Two people living together in the same household in an emotionally intimate, committed relationship without being officially married.
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Commercialisation of Housework
Where new technologies lead to new products which people can buy which reduces the amount of domestic labour people have to do at home - e.g. hoovers, washing machines, microwaves and microwave meals reduce the amount of time spent cleaning, washing and c
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Death Rate
The number of deaths per thousand members of a population per year.
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Dual Burden
When someone does both paid work and a significant amount of the domestic labour, such as housework at home. According to radical feminists, it is mainly women who suffers this.
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Economic Factors
Refers to things to do with money - for example, how wealthy a society is and the amount of wealth and income an individual or family has.
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Emotion Work
Thinking about the emotional wellbeing of other members of the family and acting in ways which will be of emotional benefit to others. For example, hugging and reassuring children when they have nightmares.
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Extended Family
Family beyond the traditional nuclear family, incorporating aunts, uncles, and grandparents. in the traditional extended family, members live in the same household, in more modern extended families.
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Gender Norms
The 'expected' patterns of behaviour associated with masculinity and femininity - for example, femininity = caring, masculinity = competitive.
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Gender Roles
The social positions and occupations we associate with men and women - for example, we tend to associate the caring role with women, and the 'provider role' with men.
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Globalisation (simple defenition)
The increasing interconnectedness of societies across the globe.
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Ideological Functions
Refers to the ways in which the ideas spread through institutions work to maintain the power of dominant groups in society.
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Individualisation
The process where individuals have more freedom to make life-choices and shape their identities because of a weakening of traditional social structures, norms and values. For example, secularisation means people have more choice over whether they should g
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Instrumental Role
The provider or breadwinner role which involves going out to work and earning money for the family - the traditional male role within the family.
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Matrifocal Household
A family in which mothers are the heads of household and fathers have less power and control in family life and allocation of resources.
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Migration
Moving from one country or area to another.
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Negotiated Families
Vary according to the wishes and expectations of their members, who decide what is best for them through discussion. Negotiated families are more equal than traditional nuclear families, but more unstable. This is the typical type of family in postmodern
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Net Migration
The difference between the numbers of people immigrating to and emigrating from a country.
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Nuclear Family
A man and a woman and their dependent children, either their own or adopted.
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Patriarchy
A society where men hold the power and women are excluded, disadvantaged or oppressed. An example of a patriarchal society is one which women are not allowed to vote, but men are.
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Personal Life Perspective
A sociological perspective which believes we should understand family life from the perspective of the individuals who make up the family, focusing on the diverse ways in which different individuals within the family define and perceive their own experien
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Postmodernism
The view that social changes (such as globalisation and more consumerism) since the 1950s have resulted in a world in which individuals have much more choice and freedom than is suggested by Modernists social theories such as Functionalism, Marxism and Fe
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Primary Socialisation
The first stages of learning the norms and values of a society; learning basic skills and norms, such as language, and basic manners.
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Serial Monogamy
Where an individual has a string of committed relationships, one after the other.
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Social Construction of Childhood
The idea that the norms and values and social roles associated with childhood are influenced by society, rather than being determined by the biological age of a child.
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Symmetrical Family
A family in which the roles of husbands and wives, although not identical, are more similar. there are three elements:
-Both men and women do paid work.
-Men and women do housework.
-Couples spend their leisure time together rather than separately.
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Total Fertility Rate
The average of babies a woman will have during her fertile years (15-44).
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Toxic Childhood
Where social changes, especially the invention of new technologies, does increasing amounts of harm to children. For example, the internet and mobile phones results in screen saturation which increases anxiety and reduces attention spans.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The number of babies born per thousand per year.

Back

Birth Rate

Card 3

Front

The legally or formally recognised union of a man and a woman (or in some countries two people of the same sex) in a committed relationship.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Two people living together in the same household in an emotionally intimate, committed relationship without being officially married.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Where new technologies lead to new products which people can buy which reduces the amount of domestic labour people have to do at home - e.g. hoovers, washing machines, microwaves and microwave meals reduce the amount of time spent cleaning, washing and c

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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