we are collectively responsible for each other and need to reduce inequality through the state.
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what is the aetiological crisis?
left realists point out that the labelling theory sees the increase of crime rates due to an increase in labelling and that crime statistics are socially constructed. left realists argue that the statistics are correct
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outline the 3 causes of crime according to left realists.
what is relative deprivation and how does it cause crime?
how deprived someone feels compared to others - the media increases the feeling of deprivation through advertising which leads to crime
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what is combined with relative deprivation to cause crime?
individualism - concern for yourself and your own rights, causing envy which then leads to crime
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what is a criticism of relative deprivation?
not everyone who is relatively deprived turns to crime
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what is marginalisation?
when someone feels as though they have no power over their lives and feel excluded/isolated from society
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how does marginalisation cause crime?
it causes a sense of frustration which people express through crimes like violence
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compare a marginalised group and a non marginalised group
workers - have clear goals for better pay and have trade unions to represent them
unemployed youths - have no goals or representation
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how do subcultures cause crime?
they are a solution to relative deprivation/marginalisation - the group share norms and values and may use crime to achieve societys goals (innovation)
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what is Young's example of a criminal subculture?
the ghettos in the US where there is a full immersion in the American dream which people achieve through street crime
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who argued that not all subcultures turn to crime?
weber - some turn to a theodicy of disprivilage which is a group that will provide an explanation for their marginalisation e.g religion
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what 3 things emphasise crime? who argued them?
Young - military policing, under/over policing of areas and late/high modernity
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what is military policing ?
harsh policing used when the police lack information and turn to stopping and searching and surveillance - can breakdown relationship with public
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how does late modernity cause crime?
relative deprivation is more intense - the inequality between the classes is emphasised and marketisation emphasises deprivation and the need for material goods
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how does over/under policing of areas cause crime?
the policing of areas is an unequal distribution and the police do not focus on all types of crime equally
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what are the 2 solutions of crime?
social policies and community policing
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How should social policies reduce crime?
the government and local authorities need to tackle crime as a problem but also the causes of crime such as poverty or lack of jobs.
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what is a criticism of social policies?
they are expensive
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how should community policing target crime? who argues for them?
Kinsey, Lea and Young - the police should work to improve their relationship with the public so that the police can get more access to information to help them reduce crime
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criticisms of the left realist approach?
doesn't explain non-utilitarian crime
only focuses on quantitative data
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what do postmodernists argue as a criticism?
not everyone feels deprived today
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what do right realists argue as a criticism?
crime is a choice and needs to be solved through zero tolerance
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what is the aetiological crisis?
Back
left realists point out that the labelling theory sees the increase of crime rates due to an increase in labelling and that crime statistics are socially constructed. left realists argue that the statistics are correct
Card 3
Front
outline the 3 causes of crime according to left realists.
Back
Card 4
Front
who argued for the 3 causes of crime?
Back
Card 5
Front
what is relative deprivation and how does it cause crime?
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