B2 topic 1

general quiz on topic 1 of edexcel's new additional biology course, topic 1

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Name the 4 parts of the Bacterial cell
Chromosomal DNA, Plasmid DNA, Flagella, Cell Wall.
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Name the 7 parts of a plant cell
Chloroplast, Large vacuole, Cell wall, Cell Membrane, Mitochondria, Cytoplasm, Nucleus
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Name the 4 parts of a animal cell
Cell membrane, Mitochondria, Cytoplasm, Nucleus
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What does a light microscope let us see?
nuclei, chloroplasts, mitochondria
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What does an electron microscope let us see?
plasmids, internal structures of chloroplasts and mitochondria
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How do you calculate magnification?
length of image / length of specimin
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Define a gene
A section of a molecule of DNA which codes for a specific protein
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What is the complimentary base pair for Adenine?
Thymine
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What is the complimentary base pair for Cytosine?
Guanine
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What joins the base pairs?
Weak hydrogen bonds
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What did Franklin and Wilkins work out and how?
DNA has helical structure - by directing X-ray beams onto crystallized DNA and looking and patterns they formed as they bounced off.
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Who built a 3D model of DNA?
Watson and Crick
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Bad stuff about human genome project
increased stress, discrimination by employers and insurers
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Good things about human genome project
predict and prevent diseases, develop new and better medicines, accurate diagnosis, improved forensic science, progress in studying evolution
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beta carotene pluses
Reduces vitamin A deficiency
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Beta carotene minuses
could cross breed and contaminate other rice's DNA, might harm people, can be expensive, some say there is not enough BC to make a difference, farmers have to buy new seeds each year.
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Humalin pluses
lots of insulin can be produced quickly and cheaply to treat diabetes, vegans can use it, supply is not affected by animal diseases or nom of animals slaughtered.
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Humalin minuses
Humalin has minute differences to human insulin which don't suit everyone.
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Herbicide resistant crop plants pluses
All plants except GM crops can be killed which increases yield, making more food.
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Herbicide resistant crop plants minuses
Herbicide-resistant weeds due to cross pollination, loss of biodiversity as fewer weeds survive, loss of food + shelter for animals.
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What does mitosis produce?
2 daughter cells: genetically identical diploid
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When does mitosis occurr?
During growth, repair and asexual reproduction
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What does meiosis produce?
4 daughter cells: genetically different haploid gametes
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When does meiosis occur?
Only during production of gametes
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Define cloning
an e.g. of asexual reproduction that produces genetically identical copies
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Advantages of cloning mammals
could produce organs for transplants, studying could lead to greater understanding of development of embryo and age-related disorders, could help preserve endangered species
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Disadvantages of cloning mammals?
Leads to reduced gene pool, cloned mammals might not live as long, often fails, often born with genetic defects, immune systems sometimes are low
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What are the 2 stages of protein synthesis?
transcription and translation
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Where does protein synthesis occur?
in the rough endoplasmic recticulum
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Define mutation
a change to the genetic code of an organism's DNA
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How could a mutation be harmful?
it could cause a genetic disorder
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How could a mutation be beneficial?
It could produce a new characteristic that causes organism to become resistant to something, like antibiotics
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How could a mutation be 'neutral'?
it may not affect a proteins function
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Define enzyme
a biological catalyst
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Enzymes = proteins true/false?
True
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Name some things enzymes help with
DNA replication, protein synthesis, digestion
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Name 3 factors that affect enzyme activity
Temperature, Substrate conc., and pH
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Enzymes are highly specific for their substrate, explain why?
for enzyme to work it has to fit into active site, if it doesn't match, it won't be catalysed
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what is the substrate?
the molecule changed in the reaction
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what is the active site?
the part where the enzyme joins onto its substrate to catalyse the reaction
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If temperature gets to hot or pH gets to high or low what can happen to the enzyme?
it denatures
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Name the 7 parts of a plant cell

Back

Chloroplast, Large vacuole, Cell wall, Cell Membrane, Mitochondria, Cytoplasm, Nucleus

Card 3

Front

Name the 4 parts of a animal cell

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What does a light microscope let us see?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What does an electron microscope let us see?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

Nori

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The flash cards are quite helpful, thanks :)

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