3BDS: Human diseases Gastroenterology
0.0 / 5
- Created by: DianaIspas
- Created on: 11-02-21 13:01
what is the function of the gut (stomach + small intestine )
• Digestion and absorption of nutrients
- Stomach – alcohol and weak acids (e.g. aspirin)
- Small intestine absorbs products of digestion (CHO, protein + fat) electrolytes, vitamins and water
Duodenum – iron
Jejunum – folate (and some iron)
Ileu
- Stomach – alcohol and weak acids (e.g. aspirin)
- Small intestine absorbs products of digestion (CHO, protein + fat) electrolytes, vitamins and water
Duodenum – iron
Jejunum – folate (and some iron)
Ileu
1 of 27
what is the function of pancreas
• Exocrine – Production of pancreatic enzymes (and aqueous alkaline solution)
- Pancreatic proteolytic enzymes
- Pancreatic amylase
- Pancreatic lipase
• Endocrine – Production of insulin and glucagon
- Pancreatic proteolytic enzymes
- Pancreatic amylase
- Pancreatic lipase
• Endocrine – Production of insulin and glucagon
2 of 27
what is the function of the liver
• Metabolism of nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins and lipids) after adsorption from GIT
• Detoxifying and degrading toxins - body wastes, hormones, drugs and foreign compounds
• Store glycogen
• Plasma protein synthesis (e.g. blood clotting proteins)
• S
• Detoxifying and degrading toxins - body wastes, hormones, drugs and foreign compounds
• Store glycogen
• Plasma protein synthesis (e.g. blood clotting proteins)
• S
3 of 27
what is the function of the gall bladder
• Concentration and storage of bile (fat digestion / absorption)
• The bile duct opens into the duodenum
Bile salts is an important component of bile and it aids fat absorption. Also have. A detergent and emulsification action which facilitates fat absor
• The bile duct opens into the duodenum
Bile salts is an important component of bile and it aids fat absorption. Also have. A detergent and emulsification action which facilitates fat absor
4 of 27
what are the GI Symptoms
pain, dysphagia, dyspepsia, heartburn, regurgitation, odynophagia, diarrhoea, constipation, nausea and vomitting, bleeding
5 of 27
upper GI bleeding- what can it be
Oesophagitis, varcies, Mallory-Weiss tear, peptic ulcer, gastritis
6 of 27
what are the oral signs of GORD
Dental erosion
Globus- feeling of lump in throat
Unpleasant taste
Halitosis
Burning mouth syndrome
Globus- feeling of lump in throat
Unpleasant taste
Halitosis
Burning mouth syndrome
7 of 27
What are the oral symptoms/ signs of haematinic deficiency+- anaemia
Recurrent oral ulceration
• Angular cheilitis
• Candidal infections
• Glossitis
• Burning mouth syndrome
• Angular cheilitis
• Candidal infections
• Glossitis
• Burning mouth syndrome
8 of 27
lower GI disorders
• Coeliac disease
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Crohn’s, Ulcerative colitis
• Diverticular disease
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Crohn’s, Ulcerative colitis
• Diverticular disease
• Irritable bowel syndrome
9 of 27
what are the non specific signs and symptoms of GI disease
- Non specific
Secondary to malabsorption and/or blood loss - Haematinic deficiency +/- anaemia:
Recurrent oral ulceration
Angular cheilitis
Candidal infections
Glossitis
Burning mouth syndrome
Secondary to malabsorption and/or blood loss - Haematinic deficiency +/- anaemia:
Recurrent oral ulceration
Angular cheilitis
Candidal infections
Glossitis
Burning mouth syndrome
10 of 27
what is celiac disease
Small Intestine - Coeliac Disease
• Is an autoimmune condition in which dietary proteins, known as glutens, activate an abnormal mucosal response with chronic inflammation and damage (villous atrophy) to the lining of the small intestine [NICE, 2015a]
• W
• Is an autoimmune condition in which dietary proteins, known as glutens, activate an abnormal mucosal response with chronic inflammation and damage (villous atrophy) to the lining of the small intestine [NICE, 2015a]
• W
11 of 27
what are the symptoms of celiac disease
Symptoms:
• Malabsorption
- Malaise
- Diarrhoea, Steatorrhoea
- Weight loss
- Iron and folate deficiency
- Protein deficiency
• Malabsorption
- Malaise
- Diarrhoea, Steatorrhoea
- Weight loss
- Iron and folate deficiency
- Protein deficiency
12 of 27
what is 2 forms of IBD
1. Crohn’s disease: Entire GI tract, “mouth to anus”
2. Ulcerative colitis: Large intestine
2. Ulcerative colitis: Large intestine
13 of 27
What are the symptoms of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
• Crohn’s
Malabsorption
Abdominal pain
Bleeding
Abscess, fistula, sinus formation
Oral features
• Ulcerative Colitis
Bloody diarrhoea
Abdominal pain (less so than with Crohn’s)
Malabsorption
Abdominal pain
Bleeding
Abscess, fistula, sinus formation
Oral features
• Ulcerative Colitis
Bloody diarrhoea
Abdominal pain (less so than with Crohn’s)
14 of 27
what is chronic inflammatory bowel disease
Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Crohn’s disease – malabsorption, blood loss, direct involvement of oral mucosa
Ulcerative colitis – blood loss
Crohn’s disease – malabsorption, blood loss, direct involvement of oral mucosa
Ulcerative colitis – blood loss
15 of 27
what are the oral manifestations of direct involvement of chronic inflammatory bowel disease
Oral manifestations of direct involvement:
oral ulceration
mucosal tags cobblestone mucosa
lip and/or facial swelling
angular cheilitis
stag horning of tissue around sub mandibular and sublingual ducts anterior floor of mouth
full width gingi
oral ulceration
mucosal tags cobblestone mucosa
lip and/or facial swelling
angular cheilitis
stag horning of tissue around sub mandibular and sublingual ducts anterior floor of mouth
full width gingi
16 of 27
what is ulcerative colitis - what is it confined to and what are the conditions related to
Ulcerative colitis
Confined to the colon + Oral manifestations rare
• Oral ulceration and other oral conditions related to anaemia/iron deficiency (secondary to blood loss)
• No direct involvement of the oral mucosa
• Pyostomatitis vegetans: This is a di
Confined to the colon + Oral manifestations rare
• Oral ulceration and other oral conditions related to anaemia/iron deficiency (secondary to blood loss)
• No direct involvement of the oral mucosa
• Pyostomatitis vegetans: This is a di
17 of 27
what are the symptoms of ulcerative colitis
Symptoms
• Nil usually, Bleeding, Pain, Abscess formation / obstruction, Infection, fever
• Nil usually, Bleeding, Pain, Abscess formation / obstruction, Infection, fever
18 of 27
what are the common symptoms of functional bowel disease
Common Symptoms
• Oesophageal: Lump in throat “globus”, regurgitation
• Gastric: Dyspepsia - Endoscopyif“alarm”symptoms,age>40years
• Irritable bowel syndrome: Cramps, wind, diarrhoea, constipation, bloating
• Oesophageal: Lump in throat “globus”, regurgitation
• Gastric: Dyspepsia - Endoscopyif“alarm”symptoms,age>40years
• Irritable bowel syndrome: Cramps, wind, diarrhoea, constipation, bloating
19 of 27
what are the liver diseases
Liver Disease
• Acute inflammation: Hepatitis
• Chronic inflammation: Cirrhosis
• Cancer
• Acute inflammation: Hepatitis
• Chronic inflammation: Cirrhosis
• Cancer
20 of 27
what are the clinical features of liver, pancreases, biliary tract disease
Liver, Pancreas and Biliary Tract Disease: Clinical features
• Jaundice
• Ascites
• Telangiectasia
• Renal failure (hepato-renal syndrome)
• Jaundice
• Ascites
• Telangiectasia
• Renal failure (hepato-renal syndrome)
21 of 27
what are dental aspects of liver, pancreas and biliary tract
Liver, Pancreas and Biliary Tract Disease - Dental Aspects
• Coagulopathy and reduced platelets: Bleeding risk
• Possible infectious underlying cause: Hepatitis viruses
• Liability to infection
• Liver transplant: immunosuppressants
• Coagulopathy and reduced platelets: Bleeding risk
• Possible infectious underlying cause: Hepatitis viruses
• Liability to infection
• Liver transplant: immunosuppressants
22 of 27
what are the gastroenterological emergencies
Gastroenterological emergencies
• 1. Acute abdomen
• 2. Upper GI bleeding
• 1. Acute abdomen
• 2. Upper GI bleeding
23 of 27
what are the acute abdomen causes
gastrointestinal:peptic ulcer disease, gall stones, pancreatitis, appendicitis, cancer, diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease
non gastrointestinal: gynaecological, renal, vascular -aortic aneurysm
non gastrointestinal: gynaecological, renal, vascular -aortic aneurysm
24 of 27
what are the two types of upper GI bleeding
-Haematemesis= Fresh blood/ “coffee grounds”
- Melaena
- Melaena
25 of 27
what is dysphagia
- A disorder of eating, drinking and swallowing
A cluster of symptoms …as a result of an underlying disease or disorder
Potentially life threatening.
A cluster of symptoms …as a result of an underlying disease or disorder
Potentially life threatening.
26 of 27
what are the 4 stages of swallowing
oral preparatory stage, oral stage, pharyngeal stage, oesophageal stage
27 of 27
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what is the function of pancreas
Back
• Exocrine – Production of pancreatic enzymes (and aqueous alkaline solution)
- Pancreatic proteolytic enzymes
- Pancreatic amylase
- Pancreatic lipase
• Endocrine – Production of insulin and glucagon
- Pancreatic proteolytic enzymes
- Pancreatic amylase
- Pancreatic lipase
• Endocrine – Production of insulin and glucagon
Card 3
Front
what is the function of the liver
Back
Card 4
Front
what is the function of the gall bladder
Back
Card 5
Front
what are the GI Symptoms
Back
Related discussions on The Student Room
- which science masters are the highest in demand? cardiovascular? radiology? »
- Dentistry UCLAN mature students entry requirements??! »
- Disease X: A hidden but inevitable creeping danger »
- Warwick-Graduate entry medicine work experience »
- Should I do my EPQ topic on disease as a non-bio student? »
- Answering Questions: What can a degree in Human Biology lead to? »
- OCR A-Level Geography Paper 3 Geographical Debates | 10th June 2024 [Exam Chat] »
- looking for advice on biology epq on prion diseases !! »
- Advanced Higher Biology Project Ideas »
- Which A-Level Biology should I do? Edexcel A/B »
Similar Dentistry resources:
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
Comments
No comments have yet been made