One or more polypeptides arranged as complex macromolecules. They contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
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All amino acids have the same basic structure. Which part descides the role of the acid?
The R-group (variable groups).
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Descibe the synthesis of peptides.
Amino acids join when the amine and carboxylic acid groups connected to the central carbon atoms react. The hydroxyl in carboxylic group react with hydrogen in amine group of another amino acid.
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Descibe what bond forms between two amino acids.
A peptide bond. Water is also produced (condensation reaction) and the compound is a dipeptide.
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What is formed when many amino acids join together?
A polypeptide. This reaction is catalysed by the enzyme peptidyl transferase.
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What happens when different R-groups interact?
They form different types of bonds. This leads to polypeptides folding into complex structures (proteins).
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There are different levels of protein structure. Describe the primary structure level.
Simple long chains (polypeptide). No intermolecular bonds or interaction. Only peptide bonds.
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Secondry structure level.
Hydrogen bonds form within the amino acid chain causing the chain to fold or coil.
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Tertiary structure level.
Secondry protein structure can be twisted/folded to give more complex tertiary structure. Bonds include: ionic, hydrogen, covalent (disulphide). There is also hydrophobic interactions.
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Quaternary structure level.
More than one polypeptide chain is involved in the process. Prosthetics are added to tertiary structure. For example, an iron ion is added to haemoglobin.
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Where are hydrophobic/hydrophilic groups posistioned in the protein structure?
Hydrophilic groups are posistioned on the outside of the protein while hydrophobic groups are inside the molecule shielded from the water in the cytoplasm.
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How are peptides broken down?
Through a hydrolysis reaction reforming the amine and carboxylic acid groups.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What do proteins consist of?
Back
One or more polypeptides arranged as complex macromolecules. They contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
Card 3
Front
All amino acids have the same basic structure. Which part descides the role of the acid?
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