16.Regulation of Gene Expression

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  • Created by: kpaul1234
  • Created on: 19-05-21 07:49
Define an inducer
A compound that stimulates the synthesis of a protein.
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Define inducible proteins
Produced only in the presence of a particular compound or under particular circumstances.
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Define constitutive proteins
Always present; produced continually at a constant rate.
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Define structural genes
A gene that encodes the primary structure of a protein not involved in the regulation of gene expression.
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Define a operon
A genetic unit of transcription, typically consisting of several structural genes that are transcribed together; the operon contains at least two control regions: the promoter and the operator.
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Define an operator
The region of an operon that acts as the binding site for the repressor.
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Define a repressor protein
A protein encoded by a regulatory gene that can bind to a specific operator and prevent transcription of the operon.
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Define Catabolite repression
In the presence of abundant glucose, the diminished synthesis of catabolic enzymes for other energy sources.
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Define a TATA box
An eight-base-pair sequence, found about 25 pairs before the starting point for transcription in many eukaryotic promoters, that binds a transcription factor and thus helps initiate transcription.
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Define a transcription factor
Proteins that assemble on a eukaryotic chromosome, allowing RNA polymerase II to perform transcription.
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Define a structural motif
A three-dimensional structural element that is part of a larger molecule. For example, there are four common motifs in DNA binding proteins: helix-turn-helix, zinc finger, leucine zipper, and helix-loop-helix.
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Define an epigenetic
The scientific study of changes in the expression of a gene or set of genes that occur without change in the DNA sequence.
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Define Methylation
The addition of a methyl group to a molecule.
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Describe the function of DNA methyltransferase
An enzyme that catalyzes the methylation of DNA.
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Define a CPG island
DNA regions rich in C residues adjacent to G residues. Especially abundant in promoters, these regions are where methylation of cytosine usually occurs.
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Describe the function maintenance methylase
An enzyme that catalyzes the methylation of the new DNA strand when DNA is replicated.
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Describe the function of demethylase
An enzyme that catalyzes the removal of the methyl group from cytosine, reversing DNA methylation.
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Describe the function of interference RNA
A mechanism for reducing mRNA translation whereby a double stranded RNA, made by the cell or synthetically, is processed into a small, single-stranded RNA, whose binding to a target mRNA results in the latter's breakdown.
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Define alternative splicing
A process for generating different mature mRNAs from a single gene by splicing together different sets of exons during RNA processing.
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Describe the function of microRNA
A small, noncoding RNA molecule, typically about 21 bases long, that binds to mRNA to inhibit its translation.
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Describe the function of ubiquitin
A small protein that is covalently linked to other cellular proteins identified for breakdown by the proteosome.
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Describe the function of proteome
The set of proteins that can be made by an organism. Because of alternate splicing of pre-mRNA, the number of proteins that can be made is usually much larger than the number of protein-coding genes present in the organism's genome.
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Card 2

Front

Define inducible proteins

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Produced only in the presence of a particular compound or under particular circumstances.

Card 3

Front

Define constitutive proteins

Back

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Card 4

Front

Define structural genes

Back

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Card 5

Front

Define a operon

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