Types of LTM

Tulving recognised three types of LTM;

• Episodic - refers to our ability to recall events (episodes). These memories are time stamped - you remember when they happened. Episodic memories involve several elements such as people, places, noises etc. all which make up a single memory. You have to make a conscious effort in order to recall episodic memories
• Semantic - contains our knowledge of the world e.g. the meanings of words, what a giraffe looks like. These memories are not time stamped. We don't remember when we learned these concepts. Semantic memories are less personal and more about facts we all share
• Procedural - memories of actions/skills or how we do things e.g. tie our shoe laces/drive a car. We can recall these without conscious awareness or effort

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