The 4D's for Defining Abnormality Explanation and Evaluation

Deviance Behaviour, thoughts and emotions that significantly differ from societal norms.

Distress Any behaviour unpleasant or upsetting to a person, subjective function, what may be distressing to some won't be to others.

Dysfunction A persons inability to continue carrying out daily activities and preventing them from functioning independently.

Danger Behaviour that poses a threat to the individual and/ or those around them.

Strengths 

High in validity – backed up by DSM to measure disorders (Davis 2009 – 4D’s can be used…