Strengthening Apartheid: Part II

SOWETO UPRISING:

• Shot and killed black African school kids

• 1000 injured

• John Voerst (‘there is not crisis’) 1974

CONSEQUENCES:

RESPONSE OF ANC AND ANTI-APARTHEID MOVEMENT:

• Uncoordinated/spontaneous protest

• Young men joined MK

• Created a guerilla army

• Change in mindset for ANC

• Protest → conflict

RESPONSE OF THE NP AND THE STATE:

• Total onslaught

• Attacked by africanist communism simultaneously

• Botha (total strategy, every state of SA to defeat both, state sponsored violence, user every resource has had)

• National Management System set up

INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE:

• UN passed resolution 32

• Widespread protest in USA for multinationals to withdraw/boycott SA

• Campaign to opposed bank loans to SA

• Polaroid removed itself from SA in 1977

DECOLONISATION:

GLOBAL BLACK CONSCIOUSNESS:

• US civil rights

• Malcolm X

• Martin Luther King

THE ROLE OF THE COLD WAR AND UN:

• Communists became allies with African nationalists

• 60s (new scramble for africa)

• Colonialism = Capitalism

WINDS OF CHANGE (VIEW FROM EUROPE):

• Warning shot to whites in SA

• Britain disapproved of apartheid

• Surrendered african states within 10 months (France within…