psya3
- Created by: Martin Nguyen
- Created on: 02-06-14 09:15
Sleep
Circadian Rhythm – 24 hour, Key rhythms regulated – Sleep wake cycle
- Siffre, nature nurture debate, Folkhard isolated from external cues showed natural rhythm, Luce and Segal, arctic regular rhythm – Aschoff and Wever, WW2 bunker showed natural rhythm.
- Czeisler – managed to fluctuate rhythms between 22-28 hour rhythms using light
- Consider individual differences
- Sleep Labs, talk about flaws
- Studies supporting SCN – Green and Gillette, Recording electrodes picked up rhythmic bursts of activity on 24 hour cycle
- IDA –nature nurture
Ultradian rhythm – 90M – eating, sleeping etc – REM paralysis
- Friedman and fisher found eating cycle
- Bollani observed babies and found their cycle
- Loomis found showed cycle in sleep. EEG – found sleep deepened wave increased
- Dement and Klietman support rhythm by inspecting 9 participants. 2 kinds of sleep found. 79% of dreams in REM.
- Sleep labs, talk about flaws – ARTIFICIAL ENVIRONMENT
- Danish children only sleep for an average of 9.5 hours per day compared to the 12 hours found in conflicting research
- Lifespan changes effect ultradian rhythms. REM sleep duration changes through life
- Science- falsifiable, replicable and empiricism, scientific credibility
Infradian rhythm – Menstrual cycle and SAD. Light as zeitgebers
Individual differences
- SAD research – Foster – disrupted melatonin release linked to SAD, biological but affected by light
- Terman, 30M of intense light reduces symptoms.
- William – 8/10 people found light therapy effective.
- Menstrual cycle –
- Russell – pheromones collected sweat from one woman, found cycles linked to p’s
- Timmerman – Light months of the year conception increased, nurture
- Rhynberg- 3 months in cave with dim light, menstrual cycle 25 days, nurture- took a year to return to normal length, role of nurture
- Gender – not applicable to males, lacks population validity, can’t say role of Infradian rhythms can be applied to males
Endogenous pacemakers and exogenous zeitgebers –CIRCADIAN RHYTHM
Ecological approach to sleep – doesn't consider restoration - flawed
- Webb, energy conservation theory - sleep to conserve energy
- Young - asleep for as long as you can get away with’ was the best way of surviving
- Zepelin found that smaller animals sleep for longer durations compared to larger animals, and as smaller animals need to conserve more energy
- Meddis – Predator avoidance sleep helps keep animal’s safe, predator avoidance. Larger animals sleep less than small ones
- – LARGE CONTRADICTION- sleep evolved to keep animals safe but prey sleepless to remain vigilant – lacks falsifiability
- sleep when they can’t hunt and to avoid hunted
Restoration approach to sleep
Oswald – REM causes brain recovery and without it there’s brain malfunctions – Restoration theory
SWS- body recovery – all studies on non human animals
Sharipo studied a group…
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