Memory studies

Murdock

Aim-

To show how we are more likely to remember the beggining and end of information

Method-

Murdock asked participants to remember a range of words which were shown for one or two seconds and re call them.

Results-

Murdock noticed how participants were more likely to remember words at the beggining or end of the list. (Serial position effect) but forget words in the middle

Conclusion-

Murdock concluded that words in the beggining were remembered as they were shown long enough for LTM whereas the last words (recency) went to STM allowing no place for the middle.

Bower and Spingston

Aim-

To see whether chunking smaller parts of information can help remember larger quantities.

Method-

They split information (numbers) into 7 parts but grouped them all together in order to test if larger quantities could be remembered.

Results-

The control group remembered less whereas the experimental group recalled more. 

Conclusion-

It was concluded that by using the 'chunking' method the capacity of what we can remember becomes widened.

Craik and Tulving

Aim-

To provide information to show that there is no distinct difference between STM and LTM.

Method-

Participants were asked a series of questions some requiring structural thinking whereas others required deeper thinking.

Results-

Participants remembered the words that were processed in a deeper (semantic) way rather than being processed more shallow-like.

Conclusion-

It was concludeed that we are more likely to recall information that is processed semantically whereas information processed shallowly is less accurate and has less chance of remembering.

Bartlett

Aim-

To find out if memory can change dependant on periods of time.

Method-

He used serial production which is where his participants heards a story or…