Ideologies of the Alexanders + Opposition - Study Session Notes
- Created by: jilly2272
- Created on: 25-05-17 06:01
Fullscreen
What is an ideology?
It is a set of ideas or systems that can shape society.
What ideologies impacted the rule of:
- Alexander II
- Slavophiles vs Westernisers (The Great Debate)
- Serfdom
- Enlightenment
- Religion
- Western Powers (especially after the Crimean War)
- Liberalism
- Socialism (socialism developed in Russia towards the end of his rule, and how Tsarism was a failing system) - empowering and emancipating the serfs and peasants. This was the reason why Alexander II was assassinated
- Economic systems (capitalism)
- Alexander III
- Westernisers (technology)
- Anti-Serf
- Anti-Semitic
- Religion (his benevolence as the Tsar)
- Conservative
- Father's death created the ideology that peasants were "evil"
- Economic systems (capitalism)
- Reactionary
- Slavophile
- Nationalism (promoting your country aggressively, ideas of superiority and inferiority, expanding territory, moving towards ideas of intolerance)
How were these ideologies shaped by the concepts of Alexander II:
- Authority
- Benevolence as a leader chosen by God (not so much superiority, but more power)
- Father's authority (Nicolas II)
- Security
- Security of Russia's freedom
- Indepence of Poland (insecure)
- Assassination attempts (two, one of which was in the 1860s)
- Freedom
- Serfs (social class)
- Education (censorship)
- Freedom of speech (thus allowing opposition to exist)
How were these ideologies shaped by the concepts of Alexander III:
- Authority
- Insecure about his power after his father was killed
- God's representative on Earth
- Security
- Secret police
- Distrust of peasants and Jews
- Freedom
- No opposition
Related Questions:
- What were the reasons why Alexander II decided to emancipate the serfs?
- It prevented Russian Industry, as in it prevented the free flow of services/labour
- What grain serfs provided was not enough
- Agricultural methods were backwards (due to the fact that the serfs did not own the land itself and therefore saw no need in improving what they were doing)
- Lords had increasing amounts of debt
- Many peasant revolts
- Morally Alexander II felt that people were abusing their power over the serfs and that it was generally an immoral system as a whole
- What were the key terms of the Emancipation? Why?
- Privately owned serfs were freed first, then State-owned serfs, and finally household serfs
- Serfs could now marry whomever they chose without permission from their lord
- Could now set up their own businesses
- Although they couldn't own the houses their gentry's (lords) lived in, the gentry was required to allow them to stay in their homes and have some of their lands
- Lords were given high valuation of their lands to compensate for the Emancipation
- Serfs had to pay a state tax for 49 days at 6% or had to work 30-40 days for free on their lords land before they could be given full entitlement of their land
- The Mir were responsible for making sure the taxes were paid by the serfs, otherwise, their land would be revoked
- Household serfs were not compensated at all, apart from the fact they had gained their freedom
- Lords received "redemption money" as a form of compensation
- How did the Emancipation impact the rest of Alexander II's rule:
- Socially?
- After the emancipation, there were 647 revolts with 449…
- Socially?
Comments
No comments have yet been made