Hungary and Poland

Uprising was held in Poznan, with protests over Soviet refusal to give better pay. Leaders Eduard Ochab and Jozef Cyrankiewicz ordered troops in, and 53 were killed. Without force, historians believe it would have been a 'powerful wave of social revolt.'

Gomulka returned in October. He was patriotic, but he also would use force, and sent in tanks, inspired by the actions of the Red Army. He did allow more independence from Moscow, but only for communists, and revisionist communists weren't free. Jakub Berman, chief ideologist of the party, said the Catholic Church was chief opposition. 

They achieved private enterprise in agriculture, but could not end the command economy, one party rule, and subordination to Moscow. On 19 October, Gomulka convinced Khrushchev he would do his bidding, leading to the withdrawal of tanks. 

Rakosi…