DNA and protein synthesis AS+A2

Transcription- This first stage of protein synthesis takes place in the nucleus. The DNA double helix unwinds as the hydrogen bonds between the bases break. This allows the two strands to separate. One of the the strands are used as a template (called the template strand) for the production of a messenger RNA molecule. This is built from the free RNA nucleotides which line up alongside their complementary bases on the template strand. The complete mRNA molecule now leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm.

Translation- Translation takes place on the ribosomes. A transfer RNA molecule carrying an amino acid molecule…