B1: Cell structure and transport

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells:

Eukaryotic cells are cells that have their DNA enclosed in a nucleus. For example, animal and plant cells. Prokaryotic cells are cells with their DNA loose in the cytoplasm. They are generally much smaller than eukaryotic cells.

Animal and plant cells:

Animal cells are eukaryotes. They have these organelles:

   Nucleus - contains genetic information and controls cell's activity.

   Cytoplasm - where most of the cell's chemical reactions take place.

   Mitochondria - site of respiration (transferring energy)

   Ribosomes - site of protein synthesis.

   Cell membrane - controls what goes in and out (partially permeable)

Plant cells are also eukaryotes. They have the same organelles as animal cells but have 3 other features.

   Chloroplasts - contain chlorophyll (site of photosynthesis)

   Cell  wall - made of cellulose, strengthens cell.

   Vacuole - filled with cell sap which helps the cell keep its shape.

Bacterial cells are prokaryotes. They share some organelles as animal and plant cells but also have:

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