CARBOHYDRATES

Carbohydrates are polymers

Polymers are large, complex molecules composed of long chains of monomers.

Monomers are small, basic molecular units i.e monosaccharides, amino acids, nucleotides.

Carbohydrates from monosaccharides

All elements contained in carbohydrates are C, H and O.

Monomers they are made from are monosaccharides.

Condensation reactions join monomers

Condensation reactions: two molecules joined with the elimination of a water molecule.

Monosaccharides joined in condensation reactions.

Glycosidic bonds are formed

Disaccharide = two joined monosaccharides

Sucrose - disaccharide from glucose and fructose

Lactose - disaccharide from glucose and galactose

Hydrolysis breaks polymers

Polymers are broken to monomers in hydrolysis reactions

Hydrolysis breaks glycosidic bonds with the addition of water

Carbohydrates are broken into monosaccharides.

Benedicts test for…