carbohydrates

carbohydrates 

carbohydrates contain only three element carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Monosaccharides all have the formula (CH2O)n, where n can be 3-7. The most common and important monosaccharide is glucose, which is a six-carbon or hexose sugar, so has the formula C6H12O6.

glucose 

fructose 

ribose 

Disaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides are joined together by a glycosidic bond. The reaction involves the formation of a molecule of water (H2O). An exmple of this is when two glucose molecules join up to form the disaccharide maltose. because this bond is between carbon 1 of one molecule and carbon 4 of the other molecule it is called a 1-4 glycosidic bond.

sucrose 

maltose 

lactose

polysaccharides are formed when more than two monosaccharides are joined together by glycosidic bonds.

cellulose is made of beta glucose linked by glycosidic bonds between 1 and 4 with alternative glucose molecules turned 180 so the CHOH group…