Acids

Calculations:

To find the mass of something:

Mass = moles x GFM

GFM means Gram Formula Mass.

The GFM can be found by finding the Relative Atomic Mass (RAM) for each of the elements present in the molecule, then adding them together.

To find the average rate of a reaction, we use:

change in volume                                                                                                 

change in time

For mole calculations we use

n = cv

where n is the number of moles, c is concentration and v is the volume.

Acids and bases:

Acids, bases, alkalis and metals are found in the laboratory and at home. They can be irritant or corrosive and must be handled carefully.

How acid or alkaline a chemical is can be measured on the pH scale, using indicators like litmus and universal indicator. Acids and bases react together to form salts and other products too.

Acids are substances that have a high number of hydrogen ions. They can range from being extremely dangerous to nearly harmless. Exposure could cause rashes, illness etc...

The higher the concentration of an acid, the more corrosive it becomes.

Bases are substances that react with acids and neutralise them. They are usually metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates or metal…