Why did the Tory Party disintegrate 1827-30?

As Prime Minister, Liverpool had been effective at holding the Tory Party together. He avoided the issues of Catholic emancipation and parliamentary reform.

He was succeeded by George Canning who favoured Catholic emancipation. Both Peel and the Duke of Wellington refused to serve in his government as a result.

When Canning dies in 1827, he was replaced by Lord Goderich (Frederick Robinson), who failed to form a government and resigned after a few months.

He was replaced by the Duke of Wellington who was regarded as a reactionary Tory. Canning's followers, among them Huskisson, refused to serve in Wellington's government. 

A Roman Catholic, Daniel O'Connell, was elected as MP. This created a major political crisis over Catholic Emancipation. The Wellington government faced the possibility of civil was in Ireland if Catholic emancipation was not introduced.

The government passed the Catholic Relief Act reluctantly in 1829, allowing Catholics to sit in Parliament. 

However, the qualifications to vote in Ireland were raised to prevent most Catholics from voting. 

142 ultra-Tories voted against the Act.

By 1830, demand for the reform of Parliament had increased considerably. It was supported by radicals outside Parliament.

Inside Parliament, Canningites and Whigs supported reform. In tNovember 1930, a coalition of Whigs, Canningites and supporters of Parliamentary reform replaced Wellingtons government.