Theory Test

• Circular signs give orders
• Blue cirlces give an instruction
• Red rings or circles tell you what you MUST NOT do
• Triangle signs give warnings
• Rectangular signs give information

The stop sign is the exception to the rule, it is octagonal so it can't be covered by snow.

Speed limits are shown inside circles- YOU MUST NOT EXCEED

National speed limit applies when no specific speed is indicated.

Lines along the middle of the road

• Short broken white lines- divide the road
• Longer broken white lines-hazard ahead
• Double white lines with a solid white line on your side of the road- YOU MUST NOT CROSS OR STRADDLE THE LINE
• White diagonal stripes- spereate lanes or traffic or protect traffic turning right.

Lines along side of the road

• A white line shows edge of the carriageway
• yellow lines- waiting and stopping restrictions
• Zigzag- no stopping or parking at any times (outside schools)

Lines on or across road

• Broken lines across road- give way
• Solid line- Stop
• Various markings- warn of hazard

Red- Stop and wait behind the line (stop for red flashing lights at level crossings)

Red and amber- Stop and wait

Green- Go aslong as its clear

Amber- Stop unless you have already crossed the line

Green arrow- can go the way the arrow is pointing

Motorways

Amber- warns of a hazard or temporary maximum speed limit

Red above your lane- tells you that the lane is closed beyond this point, so move lanes

Red above all lanes- tells you to stop. You MUST NOT go beyond that point in any lane

Intention to turn- indicators, be wary as some may forget to turn them on- wait for them to commit before emerging infront of them.

Go past junctions before indicating at your junction.

Police may signal to you if they are directing traffic.

The horn may be used to warn others of your presence. It MUST NOT be used between 11:30pm or 7am. When stationary only use horn if another vechile is likely to cause danger.

Only flash lights to warn other road users of your presence.

Police following you may flash their headlights or blue lights and/or use their siren/horn, the indicate left and point to the left to get you to stop. Pull up on the left as soon as it's safe to do so.

Traffic officers will use amber flashing lights, usually from behind, and will point or indicate left to get you to pull over. These officers operare on motorways and some 'A' class roads in England only.

It's an offence not to comply with directions given by police or traffic officers.

Contraflow lanes- lanes that flow in the opposite direction to most of the traffic. Bus and cycle contraflow lanes may be found in one-way streets. They'll be signed and marked on the road. Don't enter these lanes.

You may also see contraflow lanes at roadworks. When you see the signs, reduce your speed in good time, choose an appropriate lane early and keep the correct seperation distance from the vechile infront.

The right-hand lane of a three-lane motor way is an overtaking lane. Always move back to a lan on your left after overtaking to allow other vechiles to overtake. You may not overtake on your left on a free-flowing motorway or dual carriageway.

If a warning light comes on when driving, stop and investigate.

If the tyre pops whilst driving- hold wheel firmly, slowly roll to side of the road.

On a motorway in an emergency- get on the hard shoulder and call help, operators will ask for phone number, details of you and those in the vechile and if you belong to a motoring organisation.

A person who has a disability that affects their mobility may display a 'help' pennant if they're unable to reach emergency telephone

If you break down on a level crossing, get everyone out of the vehicle and clear the crossing. Then call the signal operator from the phone provided. Only move your vehicle if the operator tells you to do so.

Before entering a tunnel- take off sunglasses and dip headlights. Always keep a safe distance from the driver infront even when congested.

Look out for signs warning of incidents or congestion. It's also helpful to tune your radio to the frequency shown.

If your vehicle or the vehicle infront is involved in an incident or breaks down- switch off engine, put hazard lights on, call for help immediately from the nearest emergency telephone point.

If your vehicle catches fire in a tunnel, drive out of the tunnel if safe to do so. IF NOT- stop, switch on hazards and put out the fire (if it is small)

Use your hazard warning lights

• if you need to slow down or stop on a motorway or high-speed road because of an incident or hazard ahead
• When you're broken down or stopped and temporarily obstructing traffic

If you have a warning triangle, place it at least 45 metres (147 feet) behind your vehicle. This will warn other road users that you've broken down. However, never use a warning triangle on a motorway.

If you are first at the scene of an incident or crash. Stop and warn other traffic. Swtich on hazard warning lights. Do not put yourself at risk. 

• Call emergency services ASAP
• Turn engines at the scene OFF
• Move uninjured people away 

Vehicles carrying dangerous goods display an orange label or hazard warning plate on the back. Report what it says when you call the emergency services. 

Help injured people by keeping them warm, comfy, loosen tight clothing, calm and don't leave them alone. 

Try not to move them. NEVER remove a motorcyclist's helmet. Never give them food or drink. 

3 priorities- clear airway, check breathing and try and stop any heavy breathing 

If unconcious use DR ABC- Danger, check for danger before approach, response, ask questions and shake shoulders for response, airway, check airway is clear, breathing, check breathing for up to 10 seconds, compressions if the casualty isnt breathing use two hands in the centre of the chest, press down and fast around 5-6 centimetres and twice a second. then place in recovery posistion.

Burns- douse the burn for 10 minutes with cool non-toxic liquid and do not remove anything sticking to the burn

You must stop and give your name and address if involved in the incident. you have to report the incident within 24 hours. 

If another vehicle is involved findout-

• owner of the vehicle
• registration of the vehicle 
• drivers name, address, telephone number and details of insurance

Following an incident, police may ask you to produce

• insurance certificate 
• MOT certificate for the vehicle you're driving 
• your driving licence