theories of crime

• revenge
• mental illness
• deprevation
• financial gain
• fear
• power and authority
• nature vs nurture
• pleasure and thrill
• honour and culture
• addiction
• defence

situtaional- the situational that the person finds themselves in
eg- addiction,fear, peer presure

envrionemnet- how a person was brought up in order to commit that crime
eg- upbringing, culture, honour

biological- how someone is biologicaly amde up/ out of their control for them to commit that crime
eg- mental illness

crime= action that goes against the criminal law

deviance= breaking societal norms and values

folkways- norm that organises casual interactions
eg- waiting in a line
infromal social control

mores- structure the diffrence between right and wrong
eg- someone moving in with thier partner befre marriage in some cultures can cause them to be punished
infromal social control

taboo- strong social norm, not sticking to this can result in disgust
eg- muslims eating pork
formal social control

law- norm that is written
eg- when someone breaks the law there will then be punishment for this
formal social control

informal social control

• encourges social confroms
• parest use this for exmaple- spanking them 
• unwritten words 
• passed thrugh generation to generation 

formal social control 

• violting soicla norms can mean issues in society 
• done thrugh the crinimal ustice system 
• enforced by police, courts, prisions

'an act does not make a person guility unless the mind is guility' 

• guilty act= actus reus 
• guiity mind= mens rea 
• both have to be present in order to secure a conviction 

• time 
• place 
• situtaion 
• culture

• fine 
• driving ban 
• caution 
• ASBO 
• extradition 
• community service 
• prision 

•  breaks the norms/social rules 
• goes againt moral code 
• depends on
  - situation
  - culture 
• varies in country

• scotland= 8 (prosecution can be 12)
• england and wales= 10

sentencing for under 18s
- fine
- referral order
- youth rehabilitation
- custodial sentencing
- detention

why they commit crime?
- peer pressure
- influence
- moeny

• children often go to secure houseing instead of prison (only 8)
• 20 young offenders in the uk max 76

• 1275- set to the age of 12
• 1875- set to 13
• 1885- set to 16
• bill to raise it at 17 in 1917 but failed by one vote

• last women to be executed in brirtain
• shot dead david blackerly- who had been violnetly abused her, 
• shot him mutiple times outside a bar in london 
• then asked to have the police call on her

wouldnt be charged with manslaughter 

• homocide act 1957- introduced deminshed responsebality 
• pettioned signed

would be changed 

• admitted to killing him 

wasnt done in self defense- he didnt know she was there

laws that differ from culture to culture 

• adultery
• honour crime
• homesexuality 

laws that have chnaged over time in the uk 

• the slave trade 
• cruelty to animals 
• the right to a free education 

laws that have been applied diffretly in diffrent circumstances

• diminshed responsibilty 
• self defence 
• age of responseability 

• XYY chromasome= muttaion in the gene
• rare genetic pattern linked with violence and slow learning
• blood samples where taken from prisoners to see if they had that abnormality and they discoverd that people who have this gene are more likely to be criminals

• MAOA= controlls the amount of dophamine and serototine
• CDH13= asscoited with subtance abuse and ADHD

more likely to have

- agression
- slower learning
- 1/1000 males have this gene

• 40% males where criminals
• identify them from skulls and thier facial features
• conducetd frm crimnals and some post mortems
• comparied dimensions between criminals and non crimanls

looked at:
- head
- symetry
- eye defects
- small ears
- hair
- long arms= reventering back to primative ways

• females- unheard of because they where less envolved and less incative nature

• survived an accident that left a largeiron rod straight through his head
• he then reported the effects on his perosnlaity and behvaiour