succession

1/ Pioneer species

2/ alter the environment/ add more humus to soil

3/ allows more/ different species to become established and survive 

4/ more habitats and increased biodiversity leads to

5/ increasee in stability/less hostile environment

6/ leads to a climax community

• occurs after forest fires or land clearance
• spores, seeds etc remain viable in the soil 
• influx of animals and plants through migration and dispersal from surrounding area
• succession doesnt begin with pioneers it begins with species from intermediate seres