Concrete/Abstract Words (Paivio 1969)
Concrete words - easily invoke mental image e.g pen are easier to recall from the LTM than abstract words e.g however
Dual Coding hypothesis (Paivio 1971)
Suggest that words anf mages are processed seperately, concrete are encoded twice, word and then image so more likely to remember --> predicted existence of visuo-spacial sketch pad and pholological loop of the Working Memory Model
Organisation (Tulving and Pearlstone 1966)
More material is organised (either in categories or by the participant) the easier it is to learn "To organise is to memorise" Mandler (1967)
Context-Dependant Memory
External Cues - Baddeley and Godden - diver study
Internal Cues -Goodwin et al (1969) Mood as a context
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