research methods

This refers to the consistency of the findings.

refers to the consistency of the results of a test across items within the test. do split half method to see if you get the same results in the second half of the test.

refers to the extent to which the a test cores varies from one to another. for this do a test retest to see if the result you get on the first test is the same as what you would get on another test.

to avoid observer bias. two observers need to observe behaviour and correlate them to see if they are similar.

this is seeing how accurate a piece of research is at measuring what it says its meauring. if there is lots of extraneous variables then the IV may be effected by it. 

if there are high degrees of control and no extraneous variale it has high internal validity.

if the research has been done in a real life setting it has high external validty so it can be geneeralised

how good the test looks to be at what it is supposed to be testing 

where a test measures the behaviour it sets out to measure 

where a test give the same result as another study which claims to measure the same behaviour 

how much one measure predicts the value of another measure

how accurately the test measurees behaiour that can be generalised to the wider population.

where the test can be conconsidered to replicate real life settings 

where the particpants must select which statements apply to them 

where the particpants are asked to rate how they feel about something 

where they are asked to rate items on opposing pairs 

the observer record every behaviour that ocurrs 

where the observer records things at fixed intervals

where a fixed period of time is set forr the observation 

§   is used when the same participants take part in each experimental condition. It involves the first half of the participants taking part in the first part of the experiment and the second taking part in the second and then switching to eliminate order effects.

predicts a change and says in which way the direction will go 

will predict a change but wont say in which direction it will go in 

the capacity to prove something wrong and prove the hypothesis wrong 

having general laws to stick to. eg; ethics 

normal distribution

variances should be equal 

interval data

shows catagories of behaviour and how oftern the occur. eg frequency table 

shows each individual scores so they can be ranked 

tells you differnces between individuals with measurement such as time.

• title
• abstract 
• introduction
• method, which contains design, particpants, materials and procedure 
• results 
• discussion
• references 
• apendix

• surname 
• initial
• year
• source/ publisher
• volume 
• page number