Psychology

Changing information so that it can be stored.

Holding information in the memory system.

Recovering information from storage.

The idea that information passes through a series of memory stores.

Hold information received from the senses for a very short period of time.

Holds approxiamately seven chunks of information for a limited amount of time.

Holds a vast amount of information for a very long period of time.

Information that is received later is recalled better than earlier information - because of it being recent (recency)

The first information received later is recalled better than subsequent information.

Altering our recollection of things so that they make more sense to us.

Thinking about the physical appearance of the words to be learnt.

Thinking about the sound of the words to be learnt.

Thinking about the meaning of the words to be learnt.

The depth at which information is thought about when trying to learn it.

THings that we have learnt that make it difficult to recall other information that we have learnt.

When information we have recently learnt hinders our ability to recall information that we have previously learnt.

When information we have already learnt hinders our ability to recall new information.

The general setting or environment in which activities happen.

Being unable to learn new information after suffering brain damage.

Loss of memory for events that happened before the brain damage occurred.

A brain structure that is crucial for memory.

In the context of eye witness testimony, the extent to which it can be regarded as accurate.

A method of questioning witnesses that involves recreating the context of an event.

A question that hints that a particular type of answer is required.

An oversimplified, generalised set of ideas that we have about others. For example - scientists wear white coats,goggles and work in labs.

Passing information from one person to another.

Conveying messages using words or vocal sounds.

Vocal features that accompany speech.

The way words are spoken to convey emotion.

Giving prominence to some words more than others.

Inflection in the voice when speaking.

Conveying messages that do not require the use of words or vocal sounds.

When 2 people in conversation are looking at each other's eyes at the same tiime.

When pupils expand to look large.

The brain is divided into 2 halves, the left and right hemispheres.

Suggestions about behaviour in the real world beyond the research study, based upon what psychologists have discovered.

A general term to describe aspects of non-verbal communication.

The positioning of the body, often regarded as a non-verbal communication signal.

Mirroring another person's body position.

An actor or stooge who appears to be a genuine participant in the experiment but who is actually working for the experimenter.

Positioning the arms so that they are actually folded across the body or crossing the legs.

Positioning the arms so they are not folded across the body and not crossing the legs.

A form of non-verbal communication in which information is conveyed by either deliberate or unconscious movement of parts of the body.

A form of non-verbal communication in which information is conveyed by physical contact between people.

The distance we keep between ourselves and other people in our everyday lives.

Differences due to being either male or female; these could affect personal space between individuals.

Factors that make one person not the same as another person, such as our personality or age.

The range of behaviours that members of a particular social group or society can be expected.

A person rank or position in society.

The thoughts, feelings and behaviours that make an individual unique.

The genetic component of personality.

A study carried out to show how behaviour changes over time.

Twins developed from one fertilised egg.

Twins developed from two separately fertilised eggs.

Personality types are thought to be inherited. They can be described using related traits.

A personalty type that describes people that look to the outside world for entertainment.

A personality type that describes people who are happy with their own company.

A personality type that describes people who are highly emotional and show a quick, intense reaction to fear.

Ways of measuring personality using yes or no questions.

A third dimension identified by Eysenck. People who score high on this dimension are hostile, aggressive, insensitive and cruel.

APD - a condition in which the individual does not use socially acceptable behaviour or consider the rights of others.

Lists different mental disorders and the criteria for diagnosing them.

Part of the brain that is involved in emotion.

The outer layer of the brain.

The very front of the brain. It is involved in social and moral behaviour and controls aggression.

Social and financial issues that can affect an individual.

Means of communication - television, radio, the internet and newspapers.

Someone who a child looks up to and is likely to copy.

A rigid set of attitudes or beliefs towards particular groups of people. These attitudes are usually negative but not always.

The way an individual behaves towards another person or group as a result of their prejudiced view. This behaviour is usually negative but sometimes positive.

A personality type that is prone to being prejudiced.

The questionnaire used by Adorno to measure personality characteristics.

The name given to Sherif's experiement on prejudice.

A group of people you believe you have something in common with. For example - your friend group.

A group of people you believe you have nothing in common with. For example - people you have never met before.

The name given to the technique used by Aronson to reduce prejudice within a group of mixed race students.

Another name for the jigsaw method. It is called expert groups because each member of the group becomes an expert on a particular topic and they then pass this message on to the rest of their group.

Seeing, speaking or writing to someone.

 Being able to put yourself in someone else's position psychologically and understand how that person is feeling.

A testable statement about the relationship between the two variables. In an experiment these variables are called the independent and the dependent variable.

A factor or thing that can change - it varies.

The variable that the researcher alters or manipulates to look for an affect or another variable. This varies produces the two conditions of the study. (The thing I change.)

The variable that the researcher measures to see if the IV has affected it.

The method of research in which all variables other than the IV and DV are controlled. This allows the researcher to identify a cause - and - effect relationship between the IV and DV.

An experiment is usually organised, there are two trials, after which the performances of the participants are compared. These are the conditions of the experiment.

A person who is selected to take part in the study.

This occurs when the participant's performance in the second condition of an experiment is affected because they have already done the first condtion. They may do better because of practice or worse because of tiredness. This may happen in a repeated measures design.

The differences between the people who take part in the study. These may affect the results of an experiment that uses independent groups design.

A set order of carrying out a study that is applied to all participants when necessary.

A procedure for putting participants in to conditions by chance.

A procedure for evening out the order in which participants complete both conditions of an experiment.

The written (or verbal) information given to participants during the experiment.

A variable that is not the IV but may affect the DV if its not controlled.

Making sure procedures are the same when necessary. Not controlling procedures leads to the possibility of EV occurring and confounding the results.

Using chance to produce an order for a procedure.

The results of the investigation can be said to apply to real life behaviour. They are an accurate account of behaviour in the real world.

Not affected by people being bias.

The small group of people who represent the target population and who are studied on.

The large group of people the researcher wishes to study.

The sample of participants is made up of people who have the same characteristics and abilities as the target population.

The results from the sample can be said to apply to the target population.

Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample.

People who are members of the target population and are available and willing to take part.

Every 'nth' member of the target population is selected for the sample.

To obtain this type of sample, the different subgroups in the target population are identified; then people are randomly selected from these subgroups in proportion to thier numbers in the target population.

The scores collected in a study that have not been analysed or summarised.

A statistic calculated by adding all the scores in a set of values and dividing the total by the number of values in the set.

The middle value/number in a set of values when the values have been arranged in ascending order.

The difference between the lowest and highest value in the set of values.

An extremely high or low result that does not match the other results in a set of values.

A proportion expressed as a fraction of 100.

Points of concern about what is morally right.