Physics- Kinetic Theory and Energy Transfer

Solids

Strong attraction, fixed position, vibrate. Can't be compressed, relatively dense.

Liquids

Very close together, no fixed position, move around, relatively attracted to eachother. Can't be compressed, relatively dense.

Gases

Very far apart, no attraction, free to move around. Can be compressed, low density.

Solid                                      Liquid                               Gas

Ice                                         Water                                Steam

Increasing kinetic energy, increasing movement

SOLID ONLY

Heat particles at one side, get more energy so vibrate, passing it through the joining particles by colliding. Acts like dominoes. 

Conduction in metals:

Like solids, vibrations are passed through. But they have free electrons that can move anywhere, taking the energy with them. Metals often heat up quicker because of these free electrons.

LIQUIDS OR GASES

Particles have more energy so spread out more, becoming less dense. Warmer particles rise (less dense), colder particles sink (more dense) 

EVAPORATION= LIQUIDS TO GASES

Some particles on the surface have enough energy to 'break free'. When they escape, they become a gas. Speed up evaporation? Warmer liquid (more energy, more movement), bigger surface area (more chance for particles to be on the surface), have air flow on the surface (moves particles away faster). When particles 'break free', the overall temperature lowers because there is less energy in the liquid.