1. The virus attaches to a specific cell called the host cell
2. The genetic material from the virus is inserted into the host cell where it enters the nucleus to make mRNA
3. New viruses are made using genetic material inside the host cell and the genetic material from the virus. This happens in the cytoplasm of the cell.
4. The cell splits open, allowing the viruses to leave but killing the host cell.
1 of 3
Genetic engineering (B6)
1. The desired gene is identified.
2. The gene is removed from the DNA using restriction enzymes and then isolated.
3. A section of DNA is removed from a bacterial plasmid using different restriction enzymes.
4. DNA ligase is used to join the isolated gene to the bacterial plasmid to make a recombinant plasmid.
5. The recombinant plasmid is inserted back into the bacterium which becomes a transgenic bacterium.
6. Many transgenic bacteria are cloned as the bacterium asexually reproduces rapidly through binary fission.
2 of 3
DNA fingerprinting (B6)
1.A blood or cell sample is isolated.
2.The DNA is extracted from the blood or cell sample.
3.Restriction enzymes are used to fragment the DNA.
4.The DNA fragments are placed on a gel.
5.The fragments undergo gel electrophoresis whereby they are separated by an electric current.
6.The banding of the DNA fingerprinting can be matched.
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