The registers constantly receive information but most of this receives no attention and remains in the register for a short duration.
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Attention
If a person's attention is one one of the sensory registers then the data is transferred to the short term memory.
Attention is the first step to remembering something.
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Short Term Memory
Information is held in the short term memory to be used for immediate tasks such as a maths problem.
Short term memory has a limited duration and information will decay if not rehearsed.
Information will also disappear from the short term memory if new information enters it, displacing the original information.
This occurs because the short term memory has limited capacity.
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Maintenance Rehearsal
Repetition keeps information in the short term memory but eventually repetition will create a long term memory.
Atkinson and Shiffrin proposed a direct relationship between rehearsal in short term memory and the strength of long term memory - the more information is rehearsed the better it is remembered.
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Long Term Memory
Potentially unlimited in duration and capacity.
Evidence suggests memory either hasn't been made permanent or it is there but cannot be found.
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Retrieval
The process of getting information from long term memory involves information passing back through short term memory.
It is then available for use.
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Evaluation - Too simplistic
The Working Memory Model provides evidence for multiple parts to the STM as opposed to the solitary store proposed by the Multi-Store Model.
LTM is also more complex than the Multi-Store Model suggests e.g. episodic and procedural memories.
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Evaluation - Rehearsal may not be necessary
Events that are so shocking, we remember them without much processing and little rehearsal.
These are called flashbulb memories e.g. 9/11
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Evaluation - Rehearsal Maintenance vs. Information
Craik and Lockhart argue the type of processing of information is more important than maintenance rehearsal.
The deeper the processing, the more information is successfully stored and recalled e.g. phonetic vs. semantic processing.
Craik and Lockhart suggested it was what was done with the information and how it was processed that influenced how well something was remembered.
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Evaluation - Supporting evidence
Research on capacity by Miller and duration by Peterson & Peterson show there are separate long term and short term stores.
The Multi-Store Model explains the serial position curve.
The case study of HM supports the Multi-Store Model.
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