Multi-Store Model

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  • Created by: Tasc24
  • Created on: 10-01-16 14:12

Sensory Register

  • Place where memory is held at each of the senses.
  • Capacity of these registers is very large.
  • The registers constantly receive information but most of this receives no attention and remains in the register for a short duration.
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Attention

  • If a person's attention is one one of the sensory registers then the data is transferred to the short term memory.
  • Attention is the first step to remembering something.
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Short Term Memory

  • Information is held in the short term memory to be used for immediate tasks such as a maths problem.
  • Short term memory has a limited duration and information will decay if not rehearsed.
  • Information will also disappear from the short term memory if new information enters it, displacing the original information.
  • This occurs because the short term memory has limited capacity.
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Maintenance Rehearsal

  • Repetition keeps information in the short term memory but eventually repetition will create a long term memory.
  • Atkinson and Shiffrin proposed a direct relationship between rehearsal in short term memory and the strength of long term memory - the more information is rehearsed the better it is remembered.
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Long Term Memory

  • Potentially unlimited in duration and capacity.
  • Evidence suggests memory either hasn't been made permanent or it is there but cannot be found.
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Retrieval

  • The process of getting information from long term memory involves information passing back through short term memory.
  • It is then available for use.
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Evaluation - Too simplistic

  • The Working Memory Model provides evidence for multiple parts to the STM as opposed to the solitary store proposed by the Multi-Store Model.
  • LTM is also more complex than the Multi-Store Model suggests e.g. episodic and procedural memories.
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Evaluation - Rehearsal may not be necessary

  • Events that are so shocking, we remember them without much processing and little rehearsal.
  • These are called flashbulb memories e.g. 9/11
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Evaluation - Rehearsal Maintenance vs. Information

  • Craik and Lockhart argue the type of processing of information is more important than maintenance rehearsal.
  • The deeper the processing, the more information is successfully stored and recalled e.g. phonetic vs. semantic processing.
  • Craik and Lockhart suggested it was what was done with the information and how it was processed that influenced how well something was remembered.
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Evaluation - Supporting evidence

  • Research on capacity by Miller and duration by Peterson & Peterson show there are separate long term and short term stores. 
  • The Multi-Store Model explains the serial position curve.
  • The case study of HM supports the Multi-Store Model.
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