Mozart's Symphony No.40 in G minor

• Equal 4 bar phrases with call and response
• Fewer ornaments
• Sutble dynamics
• diatonic harmonies
• Homophonic

The orchestras got a lot bigger

• The woodwind section grew with the invention of the clarinet & bassoon
• Trumpets and timpani were also introduced

The strings were the most important, woodwind fill out the harmony or double the tune.

All the original Baroque structures:

• Binary AABB
• Ternary AABBAA
• Rondo ABACA

Plus new Sonata form

• Exposition
• Development
• Recapitulation

• Born Austria 1756
• 
• By the time he was 10 he had toured Europe for Kings & Queens
• Wrote of 600 pieces
• Considered one of the greatest composers ever
• Died 1791, age 35.

It has 4 movements, 3 of which are sonata form which is unusual.

1st- Molto Allegro (very fast) _ Sonata

2nd- Andante (walking pace) _ Sonata

3rd- Allegreto (between allegro & andante) _ Trio

4th- Allegro assai (very, very fast) _ Sonata

Small Orchestra - No percussion, only French horns for brass

1st Subject:

• Violins
• 4/4
• G minor
• Dynamic marking p (piano) unusual, normally starts loud
• melody starts 4th beat (anacrusis)
• Dark/intense mood
• Modulates to Bb major when repeated

Bridge:

• f (forte) with sfz (sforzando)
• Bb major with extra chromatic notes to add tension.
• Violins play descending sequences

2nd Subject:

• Bb major with lots of chromatic.
• strings play the theme repeated by clarinet & bassoon
• Ornaments used, bar 65 woodwind trills

Codetta:

• Imitation clarinet & bassoon
• Modulates back to G minor
• The Exposition is repeated

Development:

• Chromatic harmonies
• F# minor - explors other keys
• many pedal points

Recapitulation:

• 1st subject same as Exposition
• Bridge is longer - passes through many keys Eb major, F minor & D major. Polyphonic & canon sequence Violin 1 & lower strings
• 2nd subject in G minor with ascending chromatic in bass, melody between strings & woodwind
• Coda - extended codetta, finishes with 4 G minor chords.