Industry

• automation led to larger workshops, mills and factories
• people moved to the city from the countryside to work in these factories
• people now have the money to buy goods and serviced - manufacturing has boomed

Industrial revolution

• steam power - assissted by discovery of how to harness water power to drive machinery
• invention of steam engine - greater automation
• start of social and economic change
• living standards improved

Digital revolution

• enabled huge changes in industry
• inprovements in: globalisation, communiucation, productivity, accuracy, proccessing speed
• cut lots of jobs - simple changes making a massive difference

Advantages of automation in factories

• consistent, accurate, reliable, productive
• do jobs people get bored of
• work all the time

Disadvantages of automation in factories

• jobs are lost or changed
• programming machines is difficult#
• needs maintenance and servicing

CAD (Computer Aided Design)

• development of designs using specialist software packages
• detailed analysis and manipulation of the designs can be achieved quickly and accurately
• this saves valuable time and money

CAT (Computer Aided Testing)

• works out very complex tasks:
• virtual stress testing
• flow dynamics
• manufacturability of a product

Prototyping

• rendering designs to get thier clients' and customers' opinions before sold
• product innovation - new ideas require considerable investment to make it a success even if it is a really good idea, it can still fail if development and execution is wrong

Barcodes and barcode systems

• UPC-A - A is the universal product code, it is used in EPOS (Electronic Point of Sale) systems and warehousing, only represents numeric digits
• Code 128 - used in transport and shipment tracking, represents letters and numbers
• barcodes inclue stock numbers and restocks when they are empty

• improvements in communication technology allow teams of people to work together remotely
• software enabling collaborative work allows teams of designers to work on a project at the same time, even from different parts of the world

CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing)

• project designs sent to machines to be prototyped using CAM techniques

CNC (Computer Numerical Control

• CAM techniques include:
• CNC machines such as laser cutters
• RPT (Rapid Prototyping) machines such as 3D printers

3D Printing

• produce solid objects
• intricate hollow artefacts
• moving parts that work

Advantages of 3D Printing

• potential to change product development
• fuels cycle of new ideas, businesses and jobs
• bioprinting - used to create new living organs
• successful transplants of skin tissue, livers and joint cartilage

Disadvantages of 3D Printing

• 3D print file required for all the parts of a working gun was created and distrubuted online
• security at airports - didn't go off as there is no metal in it
• injuries occur - didn't work properly

• workflow is essential to health, safety and efficiency
• product line must flow logically
• production time reduced if workflow increased
• makes the company efficient and profitable

• change and development of replacement technologies fuels industries, homes and transport
• this is due to the depletion of oil
• new technologies: natural resources, hydrogen power, battery technology
• the market is expanding rapidly
• success depends on: national and international charging networks, battery technology and changes in driver mindset