Grammar
- Created by: elightowler
- Created on: 03-01-17 19:02
Forming the imperative and preterite tenses
Imperative...
to tell someone NOT to do something
NO + present subjunctive
to tell someone to DO something
tu (in the present tense and remove the final 's')
Preterite...
- the preterite is used to talk about actions completed in the past...
STEM + AR - é, aste, ó, amos, asteis, aron or ER/IR - í, iste, ió, imos, isteis, ieron
Irregulars in the preterite
Andar - anduve, anduviste, anduvo, anduvimos, anduvisteis, anduvieron
Conducir - conduje, condujiste, condujo, condujimos, condujisteis, condujieron
Dar - di, diste, dio, dimos, disteis, dieron
Decir - dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijisteis, dijieron
Estar - estuve, estuviste, estuvo, estuvimos, estuvisteis, estuvieron
Hacer - hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicisteis, hicieron
Ir/Ser - fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron
Poder - pude, pudiste, pudo, pudimos, pudisteis, pudieron
Poner - puse, pusiste, puso, pusimos, pusisteis, pusieron
Querer- quise, quisiste, quiso, quisimos, quisisteis, quisieron
Saber- supe, supiste, supo, supimos, supisteis, supieron
Tener - tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvisteis, tuvieron
Traer - traje, trajiste, trajo, trajimos, trajisteis, trajieron
Venir - vine, viniste, vino, vinimos, vinisteis, vinieron
Ver - vi, viste, vio, vimos, visteis, vieron
Forming the past perfect/pluperfect tense
- to say what had or hadnt happened in the past
Imperfect of HABER + Past Participle
Haber - había, habías, había, habíamos, habíais, habían
Past Participle - ado/ido
Forming the simple future and conditional tenses
Simple Future...
- the simple future is used to say something is going to happen
present tense of IR + A + VERB
IR - voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van
Conditional...
- the conditional is used to say something would happen
INFINITIVE + ía, ías, ía, íamos, íais, ían
it has the same irregulars as the proper future
Forming the proper future tense
- the proper future is used to say something will happen
INFINITIVE + é, ás, á, emos, éis, án
Irregular Stems
decir - dir
haber- habr
hacer - har
poder - podr
poner - pondr
quere - querr
saber - sabr
salir - saldr
tener - tendr
venir - vendr
Irregular past participles
abrir - abierto
cubrir - cubierto
decir - dicho
escribir - escrito
freir - frito
romper - roto
hacer - hecho
morir - muerto
oir - oido
poner - puesto
ver - visto
volver - vuelto
Forming the present perfect tense
- the present perfect tense is used to say something has or hasnt happened
present tense of HABER + past participle
HABER - he, has, ha, hemos, habeis, han
PAST PARTICIPLE - ado/ ido
Forming the present continuous tense
- the present continuous tense is used to talk about something that is happening right now
present of ESTAR + GERUND
ESTAR - estoy, estas, esta, estamos, estais, estan
GERUND - ando/ iendo
Irregulars in the present tense
- 1,2,3,6 verbs become irregular in the yo, tu, el/ella and ellos/ellas forms
1. o - ue
e.g poder - puedo, puedes, puede, podemos, podeis, pueden
2. e - ie
e.g pensar - pienso, piensas, piensa, pensamos, pensais, piensan
3. e - i
e.g pedir - pido, pides, pide, pedimos, pedis, piden
- some verbs change radically
tener - tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, teneis, tienen
hacer - hago, haces, hace, hacemos, haceis, hacen
ir - voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van
Forming the present tense
- remove the AR, ER or IR ending and add
AR - o, as, a, amos, ais, an
ER - o, es, e, emos, eis, en
IR - o, es, e, imos, is, en
Irregulars in the preterite (main 6 verbs)
- there are 6 main verbs which are completely regular apart from in the el/ella and ellos/ellas forms
Dormir - durmío, durmieron
Morir - murío, murieron
Pedir - pidío, pidieron
Reir - rió, rieron
Seguir - siguió, siguieron
Sentir - sintió, sintieron
Forming the imperfect tense
- the imperfect tense is used to say how something was or how someone felt in the past or for regular events in the past
STEM + ía, ías, ía, íamos, íain, ían or aba, abas, aba, ábamos, abais, aban
Irregulars...
Ser - era, eras, era, eramos, erais, eran
Ver - veía, veías, veía, veíamos, veíais, veían
Ir - iba, ibas, iba, íbamos, ibais, iban
Forming the present subjunctive tense
- the present subjunctive is used to express desires, wishes and doubts
- often it will follow a negative opinion phrase where the sunject and object are different
YO in the present form, remove the 'o' and add...
AR - e, es, e, emos, eis, en
ER/IR - o, as, a, amos, ais, an
Irregulars in the present subjunctive
Dar - dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den
Estar - esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén
Haber - haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayais, hayan
Ir - vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayais, vayan
Saber - sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepais, sepan
Ser - sea, seas, sea, seamos, seais, sean
Tocar - toque, toques, toque, toquemos, toqueis, toquen
- verbs ending in 'ger' or 'gar' change the 'g' to a 'j' in all forms
- verbs ending in 'car', 'gar' and 'zar' change to 'qu', 'gu' and 'c' respectively
Forming the pluperfect and imperfect subjunctive t
Pluperfect Subjunctive...
- the pluperfect subjunctive tense is used to talk about the hypothetical
SI + pluperfect subjunctive + conditional
if + had + would
HAD - hubiera, hubieras, hubiera, hubieramos, hubierais, hubieran
Imperfect Subjunctive...
AR - ara, aras, ara, aramos, arais, aran
ER/IR - iera, ieras, iera, ieramos, ierais, ieran
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