GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER 2

Urban Growth: towns and cities are expanding covering a greater area of land

urbanisation: increasing population of people living in towns and cities

rural depopulation; more people moving to cities, working class coming to find work

millionaire cities: over 1 million people

mega cities: over 10 million people

Puch factors: drought, famine, natural disasters, poor living conditions, poor education and healthcare, agricultural change, unemployment, war and civil conflict

Pull factors: employment, higher incomes, education, healthcare, urban way of life, protection from conflict

Push factors from Rural Areas:

• rapid population growth : more people trying to farm putting pressure on the countryside
• land ownership isnt even
• modernization of agriculture - machines mean fewer workers are needed
• flooding displaces people and ruins the landscape
• drought
• conflict
• land regradation
• provision of healthcare and education

urban area

people move into the area hoping to find a better way of life but it is crowded, housesmade out of anything they find, squatter settlements grow, come together, amke small schools , bars, shops a;; in the city on road sides.

problems in LEDC cities:

• electricity supplies variable
• traffic
• need for shelter
• pollution
• poverty
• sewerage systems
• access to clean drinking water
• over crowding
• rubbish collection
• education
• healthcare
• employment
• drugs
• gangas
• violence

Rural - Urban Migration could be reduced if:

• land was shared equally
• natural hazards can be managed - water tanks for drought
• urban areas support rural farmers
• equiptments and tips are given so that they can farm better and make money

Self Help Scheme;

People work together to build a house. governements provide money and materials, healthcare, water and electricity

• water tank
• electricity
• roads
• sewer
• toilet
• sink

Curitiba Brazil

• cheap transport
• recycling scheme
• access to clean water
• 24hr healthcare
• compulsary education
• street children fed
• industry = jobs

Cairo Egypt

Population live on rooftops, variable electricity

water supplies limited, bad sewerage, rubbish cart collection - variable- dumped, traffic, air pollution new housing is in constant demand