Geography Case Studies (Theme 1)
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- Created by: Debbix
- Created on: 30-04-15 08:59
Rapid Population Growth - Niger
- 1960: 1.7 million - 2008: 13.3 million
- Expected to hit 56 million by 2050
- Growth rate of 2.9%
- Highest fertility rate in the world (7.1 births per woman)
Lower death rates because:
- babies are inoculated against diseases
- better supplies of clean water
- people eat better diets
- more clinics and hospitals
- better health education
- people enjoy better living conditions
- women are becoming better educated
10-12 children are desired
Only 5% of people use contraception / family planning
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Population Decline - Russia
- 2007: 143 million ~ 2050: 111 million
- High death rate
- Low birth rate
- Low level of immigration
- Life expectancy is low
- Russian women: highly educated, do not want many/any children
- One pensioner for every worker in 20 years' time
- Male life expectancy at 59
- More than one million Russians with AIDS
- Russian death rates highest in peacetime
- Lowest birth rates ever at 1.1 per woman
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Overpopulation - Nigeria
- 140 million people
- 70% living on less than one dollar a day
- Occupies 3% of Africa, has 15% of Africans
Problems caused by overpopulation:
- Not enough housing
- Water and air pollution
- Shortage of food and water
- High crime rates
- Not enough health care and education
- Congested roads
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Underpopulation - Australia
- 1901: 3.7 million - 2013: 23 million
- Majority of country is uninhabitable desert
- Area: 7,686,850km2
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Low Population density - Namibia
- GDP per person: US$ 5200 (low)
- Population density of 2.5/km^2
- Much of the country is desert with a hot, dry climate
- Rainfall is sparse and erratic
- Prolonged periods of drought
- Economy is dependent on the extraction and processing of minerals for export, e.g. diamonds and uranium
- Mining employs only 3% of the population
- About half the population depend on subsistence agriculture
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High Population density - Japan
- Population density: 339/km^2
- Uneven population distribution
- Most people live on Honshu Island
- Most people live along the borders
- Over two-thirds of Japan is mountainous, few people live here because:
- Land is not suitable for farming
- Isolated areas
- Little work
- Extreme climate
- Most people live in high-density rural or urban areas because:
- There is better land for farming (rural)
- Better jobs (both)
- Nicer climate (rural/both)
- Better land for building (urban)
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Urbanisation in Peru - Lima
- About 35% of Peru's 10 million people live in the capital city
- 1940: 600 000 living in Lima, majority living in rural areas
- Factors influencing migration to Lima from rural settlements:
- Not enough agricultural land
- Drought and other natural hazards
- Low prices for agricultural products
- Cannot afford clothes and food for children (dev.)
- Not much opportunity for children to go to school
- No running water, electricity or sewage disposal in many villages
- What migrants expperience when they get to Lima
- Racial discrimination
- Separation from family
- Better quality services e.g. water, electricity
- Better schools fro migrants' children
- low pay and ong working hours
- Forced to live in self-built houses on the streets
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Urban Problems and Solutions - Cairo
- 1950s: 2 million people - 2000: 18 million people
- Lack of housing
- Traffic congestion
- Lack of jobs
- Pollution
- Attempts to solve urban problems in Cairo:
- A modern metro system was built
- The Greater Cairo Waste Water Project, extended and repaired the sewage system
- People with donkey carts were licensed to collect and recycle garbage
- Ring road built, encircling the city
- New satellite and dormitory towns built around the city
- Homes and public services were upgraded in the most run-down parts of the city
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Urban Sprawl - Atlanta
- 1970: 1.4 million people - 2006: 5,138,000 people
- 2000-2006 Increase by 1 million people
- The fastest-growing metropolitan city in the USA
- One-third was births, the rest from newcomers
- Problems:
- Population growth
- Traffic congestion
- Air pollution caused by traffic congestion (dev.)
- Water quality worse, water quantity less
- Less agricultural land
- Loss of green space/ecosytems
- More Impermeable surfaces
- Cultural loss
- Socio-economic division
- "Hotlanta"
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