Most research with non-human animals for ethical reasons.
Studies of female rhesus monkeys show masculinisation can occur in behaviour without altering external appearance.
Zucker et al (2001) - compared 205 boys with gender dysphoria with 205 controls.
19.5% of gender dysphoria group were left handed, compared with 8.3% of controls.
Yeo & Gangestad (1998) - left handedness is associated with indicators of reduced fitness including lower birth weight.
Left handedness in boys provides an indication of general instability in neurodevelopment.
Zucker et al (1999) - gender dysphoria boys had lower birth weight than control group.
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