Enquiry Question 3: How does water insecurity and why is it becoming such a global issue for the 21st century? 0.0 / 5 ? GeographyWater cycle and water insecurityA2/A-levelEdexcel Created by: ivac2000Created on: 22-01-18 18:12 Physical and human causes of water insecurity there is growing mismatch between water supply and demand - due to growing population (freshwater a finite resource) led to global pattern of water stress - deterioration of water quantity and quality water stress - below 1700 m3 of water per person water scarcity - freshwater shortages threaten food production and ecosystem wellbeing, <1000 m3 water per person physical causes of water insecurity: climate variability salt water encroachment Human causes exacerbates overabstraction from rivers, lakes, groundwater water contamination from agriculture - fertlisers and pesticides can wash into lakes and river = pollution industrial water pollution - chemicals added in industry finite water sources face pressure from rising demands - increased population, improved standards of living, industrialisation and agriculture 1 of 3 Consequences and risks of water insecurity the price of water varies according to wealth cleaning water is expensive - water matches production costs supply and demand water supply is vital for economic development - needed for activities in industry, agriculutre human welfare lack of water = detrimental impacts on the economy and environment water insecurity problems cause conflicts 2 of 3 Managing water supplu sustainablity hard engineering schemes - including water transfers, desalinisation and mega dams expensive and unsustainable water conservation rainwater catchment small scale sustainable cheap some people are against using grey water integrated management - involves international treaties difficult to run 3 of 3
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