English

Subject and theme:

a) African slaves on a ship been taken to work in America.

b) African dance done by the slaves like the motion of a ship moving further away from home.

Structure:

• 24 verses but very short line length
• Echoes the movement of the ship and the dance with its limbo pole.

Language:

• Repetition " down down down... up up up"
• spiritual dimension
• chorus repeated lie a chant that African people would sing "limbo like me"
• Rhythm

1) singing and praising God, looking forward to death and escape to heaven

2) rhythm of the dance

• " dumb gods" not saving him and his people

Purpose:

• This is what happened in the past
• The other poems are from different cultures but this is also from a different time
• does not exist anymore - is previous way of thinking
• How people must have felt being part of the slave triangle

Subject and theme:

• Apartheidin South Africa
• a town of black people that were moved out so it could be built on for white people BUT they left it derelict and nothings changed.
• 1980s

Structure:

• 7 verses
• free verse ( no rhyming)
• lines irregular
• fourth verse separated - emphasis the seperation of the community they once had

Language:

• Monosylabic words to create harsh sound like the harshness of the poem
• Repetition of 'and' to show how totally he is affected by issue (anger)

"small mean o of small mean mouth"

1) He is insignificant- still feels like nothing as he did when he was a child

2) image imprinted on the window

Purpose:

• apartheid has supposedly been taken out of south Africa
• BUTjust like the building site, nothing had changed.
• attitudes take longer to change than governments.

Subject and theme:

• Acarrabean man who dreams of the carrabean who is met by dreary london where he is now.
• contrastbetween the colourful island of grey london.

Structure:

• free verse
• 4 verses - hard to make out:

1)echoes the sea: relaxed island of the carrobeans

2)parts in differretn places - torn between 2 places

3)just waking up - in and out of dreamin ( higgledy-piggledy)

• enjambement

language:

• sibilance - soft alliteration to suggest the calm sea and him just waking up.
• repetition:

"groggily grogglily"-

1)set apart on the line as he is gragely waking up.

2)harsh sounds of london ( north circular traffic)

CONTRAST

" muffling muffling"

1) holding his face in the pillow trying to hide from horrid london

2) soft sounds - carrabeans

Purpose:

• you are a product of whereyou come from (cutlure/ way raised)
• always a part of you in your subconcious and on your conscience.

Subject and theme:

• a water pipe bursting in a third world country e.g Africa or India.
• it tells how the children play in it and rushing to save the precious resource.

Structure:

• 4 verses
• irregular length= drops of waterr flowing from the pipe.
• sense of rhyme ( half rhyme)

language:

• similies

"skin cracked like a pod"

1) human skin cracked as dehydrated

2) skin of partched earth.

• onomatopeia

"splash, cracks, crashes"

• Metaphor

"silver crashes to the gorund"

1) reflects a silvery colour as it catches the light

2) is precious like silver

" their highlights polished to perfection"

1) water reflecting their edges

"as the blessing sings over their small bones"

1) water is a blessing

VISUAL POET

Purpose:

• money is not as important and in the western civilisation we take natres resources for grantes
• people are fighting for life everyday. living that closely to life and death makes you close to god.
• we are no longer religious as we have too much.- they have something we dont.

Subject and theme:

• 2 bin men are waiting at traffic lights with a posh car and 2 rich people.
• CONTRAST between their job status'

Structure:

• free verse (no rhyming)
• verses shown by capital letters
• 8 verses
• at first sight a confssion of lines
• bounces from one to the other comparing the 2 sides - joined togther at end by one line.
• structure echoes theme
• life meanders like the print meanders on the page

language:

• imagery

"young blonde women so casally coiffed"

Purpose:

Subject and theme:

• a mother from a 3rd world country who is stung by a scorpion
• she is grateful that it was her stung and not her children

structure:

• 2 verses
• free verse
• 1 major and then 3 lines at end - telling story - last 3 lines= moral
• enjambment

Language:

• Repetition- "may" - sounds like a prayer - resort to primitive remedies and payers.
• Repetition- "more" - neighbours rush to each others aid in tight community and culture

CONTRAST IN LANGUAGE - " God... the evil one"

• religious not medical
• primative culture

- holy man - curse and blessing

- incantation - purify

-rites and ceremonies

"peasants cam like swarms of flies"

• suffer constantly from flies in 3rd world country

Purpose:

• no matter what culture all mothers would gladly give their life for their children
• a hand to mouth existance - western world has anti-venum.
• BELIEF - live closer to god - fighting for life
• we are removed from any religion -replaced by greed.
• we have NOTgot soemthing they have - richer in spirit than we are in money.

Subject and theme:

• poet uses the image of vultures to discuss human beings
• even people such as the germans in halacaust can love
• the 2 side of human nature- good an evil in each of us

Structure:

• verses indentied -

-1 - vultures

-2- love

3- German

4 summary - man kind

Language:

• alliteration

" icy caverns of a cruel heart"

• sibilance sounding showing again 2 different side of himan nature
• harsh sounds

"charnel house ... fumes of human roast"

• cript where human bones are stored - leads onto concentration camp.
• CONTRAST -dispicable things dring day and way he is with children