Elizabeth, James and Charles important events

Finance & the poor

• War with Spain - cost £4million - Leads to higher taxes + poor soldiers
• Stopping Tyrone's rebellion in Ireland - cost  £1/2 million
• Sells crown land to pay war costs - less future finance + hides true cost of war
• 1598 - Act of Husbandry and tillage
• 1600 - Formation of the East India Company - becoming a trading nation - more revenue
• 1601 - Poor Law Act - lasts for over 250 years
• 1601 - Golden speech - gave up right to give Monopolies
• Only left a very small debt despite £4.5 million cost of wars - £100,000

Foreign Policy

• Tyrone rebellion - Essex failed to stop it - Mountjoy victorious in 1601
• War with Spain - large financial cost
• Secured Spanish Netherlands + assisted France - potential ally
• No threat of Spanish invasion in 1601

Finance

• Debt left by Elizabeth small - under £100,000
• Tax farms - guaranteed fixed revenue (but less than potential revenue)
• Expenditure of servants and courtiers rose by 60% - wished to appear generous.
• Book of bounty - kept record of Kings spending - attempted to restrain it
• 1610 - Great Contract - ended in failure
• 1614 - Cockayne project - Failed miserably
• Cranfield efficient and useful asset - impeached

Foreign Policy

• 1604 - Treaty of London
• 1613 - Cleves Julich - Beati pacifici - Blessed are the peace makers
• 1618 - 30 years war - didn't involve himself in it - trying to keep England at peace
• Dynastic Marriages - Spanish marriage failure
• 1621 - Parliament putting pressure for Spanish war - rips page out of commons journal - Parliament shouldn't be discussing foreign policy
• 1624 - Gave into Parliament - War with Spain begins

Religion

• 1591 - Proclamation against Jesuits
• 1593 - Act against Seditious Sectaries
• 1603 - Group of Seminary priests accept Elizabeth as head of state

Parliament

• 1601 - Failure of Essex' rebellion
• 1601 - Golden speech - Although successful in gaining subsidy, lowered crown power and raised Parliamentary power
• Willing to punish members of Parliament - shows control

Monarchy

• The 'Virgin queen'
• Essex rebellion - old favourite of the queen
• Golden speech quells Parliaments concerns

Religion

• 1604 - Hampton court conference - Increased James' Puritan popularity
• 1605 - Gunpowder plot - Reacted well - wasn't too harsh on Catholics
• 1611 - King James Bible - Lasted
• 1618 - Declaration of Sports - disliked by Puritan + wasn't enforced

Parliament

• 1610 - Divine right speech - No business finished (correct to dissolves it though)
• 1614 - Addled Parliament
• 1618 - Differences over 30 year war
• 1621 - 24 - (In FP) pressure into eventual war with Spain

Monarchy

• Scottish favourites - Carr killed Overbury - Carr given only 6 years - Hostile reaction
• Elevation of Buckingham - lead to Cranfield impeachment + bad for Charles
• Large number of gifts - bad for finance

• 1625 - Promotes Arminianism - Lets Laud give an Arminianism sermon
  -Tonnage and Poundage - only granted for 1 year
• 1626 - Attempted impeachment of Buckingham
  - Charles dissolves parliament to stop impeachment - shows higher parliamentary influence
  - Forced loan - No parliament to grant king subsidies - however, can't object either
  - Buckingham leads Cadiz expedition - failure
• 1627 - Buckingham encourages war against France - not enough money for it
  - La Rochelle (Ille De Re) expedition fails
  - 5 Knights case - Narrowly lost (7 votes to 5)
• 1628 - Assassination of Buckingham - Parliament cheer to the news - King isn't happy by their reaction
  - Petition of right
• 1629 - Start of personal rule - Speaker held down and 3 resolutions