A candidate must secure an absolute majority of the vote to win; in a pluraltiy system, they need to only win more votes than the second-placed candidate.
Candidates are elected in single-member constituencies.
The outcome is not proportional - large parties take a higher proportion of seats than their share of the vote merits, while smaller parties are often under-represented.
The systems tend to producesingle-party governemntswith working parliamentary majorites.
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PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION SYSTEMS
Candidates are elected in multi-member constituencies.
Electoral formulas are used to allocate seats in the legislative assembly.
The outcome is proportional - there is a close fit between the share of the vote won by a party and the share of the seats it is allocated.
The systems tend to produce coalition governmentsas no single party wins a majority of the seats.
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ELECTORAL SYSTEMS
FPTP
Used in general elections to the House of Commons
Key Features:
Plurality system
Single-member constituencies
Disproportional outcome
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ELECTORAL SYSTEMS
SUPPLEMENTARY VOTE
Used to elect the Mayor of London and Police and Crime Commissioners.
KEY FEATURES:
Majoritarian system
Used to elect individuals
Voters record two preferences
Winning candidate has a majority
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ELECTORAL SYSTEMS
REGIONAL LIST
Used for European Parliament elections in Great Britain, List seats for the Scottish Parliament, Welsh Assembly and London Assembly.
KEY FEATURES:
Proportional representation system
Electors vote for a party in multi-member regions
Proportional outcome
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ELECTORAL SYSTEMS
SINGLE TRANSFERABLE VOTE
Used for Assembly, local and European Parliament elections in Northern Ireland, and local elections in Scotland and Northern Ireland.
KEY FEATURES
Propotional representation system
Electors rank candidates in mutli-member costituencies
Proportional outcome
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ELECTORAL SYSTEMS
ADDITIONAL MEMBER SYSTEM
Used for the Scottish Parliament, Welsh Assembly and London Assembly.
KEY FEATURES
Mixed electoral system
Electors cast two votes - one for a constituency candidate elected by FPTP and one for a regional list candidate elected by closed list PR
List candidates are allocated to parties on a corrective ebassi to produce a proportional outcome.
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