Electrons orbit the nucleus in certains shells. There is a maximum number of electrons that can fit in each shell. The Periodic Table gives you specific information to write the electronic structure of the element based on its position. the group number gives the number of electrons in the outer shell and the period number gives the number of shells. The number of elements in each period gives the maximum number of electrons in that shell. For example, the first energy level can hold a maximum of two electrons, the second level can hold a maximum of 8, the third can hold a maximum of 8 and so on.
Example: The electronic structure of Phosphorus
Number of electron in its outer shell: Group Number, 5
Number of shells, period number, 3
Therefore, the electronic structure of Phosphorus is 2,8,5
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