Chemistry

Percentage yield = amount of product produced divided by maximum amount of product possible X100

• Atoms are never lost or gained in a chemical reaction.

• Atom economy = measure of the starting materials that end up as useful products.

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RFM % mass = mass of element (Ar) divided by relative formula mass (Mr) X100

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A mole = measure of the number of particles contained in a substance.

Element ------> mass of one mole = relative atomic mass

Compound ------> mass of one mole = relative formula mass.

The Haber process = Nitrogen (N2) + Hydrogen (3H ) ------> Ammonia ( 2NH )

• Reversible reaction occurs in a closed system ------> equilibrium achieved when reactions occur at the same rate in the same direction.

To speed up reaction :-

• Fe (iron) catalyst.
• (large surface area, more collisions, increase rate.)
• pressure compresses gases, - particles closer together, - more collisions, more reaction.
• 200 atmospheres
• 450 degrees - increase temp., increase rate more (harder collisions)
• Increase yield - the product has fewer particles than the reactants.

High yield is large amount of product compared to what you started with.