C4 - Chemical Economics C4 module 2.0 / 5 based on 1 rating ? ChemistryCalculations, moles and yieldGCSEAll boards Created by: Florence WrightCreated on: 20-04-11 19:46 Acids and Bases Reaction between acids and bases is called NEUTRALISATION. Acid + Base --> Salt + Water H+ + OH- --> H20 1 of 7 Reactions of Acids Acid + Metal Oxide --> Salt + Water Acid + Metal Hydroxide --> Salt + Water The above are neutralisation reactions. Acid + Carbonate --> Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide Acid + Ammonia --> Ammonium Salt 2 of 7 Percentage Yield Percentage Yield = actual yield (grams) predicted yield (grams) x 100 How product or reactant is lost: 1) Evaporation 2) Heating 3) Filtration 4) Transferring Liquids 3 of 7 Fertilisers Ammonia can be neutralised with acids to produce fertilisers: Ammonia + Nitric Acid --> Ammonium Nitrate Ammonia + Sulfuric Acid --> Ammonium Sulfate (Neutralisation Reactions; Ammonium Salts Produced) 4 of 7 Fertilisers Percentage Mass of an element in a compound = Relative Atomic Mass x No. of atoms Relative Formula Mass 5 of 7 The Haber Process The Haber Process: N2 + 3H2 <---> 2NH3 It is a reversible reaction. The N2 and the H2 which don't react are recycled. Industrial Conditions: Pressure - 200 Atmospheres Temperature - 450degrees Catalyst - Iron 6 of 7 Cost of Production Cost of Production depends on: Price of Energy Cost of Raw Materials Labour Costs Plant Costs (Equipment) Rate of Production Optimum Conditions are those that give the Lowest Production Cost. 7 of 7
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