Tension & rivalry - especially 'Panslavism' (the nationalism which wanted the little nation of the Balkans to be able to rule themselves) and Alliances (espically Russia's alliance with Serbia).
Treaty of Berlin (1878), Austria-Hungary had the right to occupy and administer Bosnia.
Turkey was weak and corrupt - 'the sick man of Europe'. in 1908 there was a revolution in Turkey.
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Event
1908, Austria fully annexed Bosnia.
Serbia - which had been hoping to get part of Bosnia protested.
Serbia called up its army demanded a ***** of land across Bosnia to the Adriatic sea.
Serbia was supported by Russia, which proposed a conference.
Austria-Hungary, Turkey and Germany said that a Conference wasn't necessary. There was an international crisis.
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End
There was an international crisis - Germany threatened war.
Russia and Serbia were forced to back down and humiliated. Serbia was forced to agree publicly to Austria's annexation.
Kaiser boasted that he had stood by Austria 'in shining armour'.
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Results
There was more trouble in the Balkans (Balkans war) in 1912-13.
Serbia was furious (Bosnia included many Serbs). This led to the assassination of Sarajavo, 1914.
Russia vowed not back down again - which led to Nicholas's decsion to mobilise in 1914.
Wilhelm was proud he had helped Austria - so after Sarajevo he gave Austria a 'blank cheque' .... which helped cause the slide to war in 1914.
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