Biology p1
- Created by: shannoneve2001
- Created on: 23-05-18 19:37
Magnification
Light microscopes-
use visible light and magnify lenses to see object
+VE Observe multi ellular strutures
-VE x500 magnification and 200nm resolution
Electron
Use beam of electrons in a vacumn less than 1nm to see specemin
+VE x500,000 mag and 0.1nm resolution
-VE destroys sample
Cells
Plasma membrane - prrotects surroundings regulates what comes in and out
R ER - flattened sacs enclosed by a amembrane. ribosomes on surface, proteins made here
S ER- single tubular scas. Lipids made here
Mitohondria- site of respiration. contains 70S ribosomes and DNA.
CYtoplasm - fluid that fills the cell. site of many metabolic processes.
Nucleuolus- makes ribosomes and region of dna and protein
Vesicles- small membrane sacs transports and stores substances
Centrioles - cell division
lysosomes- destrpys old organism and specimens
golgi apparatus- modifies proteins and packages them in vesiles for transport
Prokaryotic
Prokaryotic is SINGLE (P) RINGLE
simple structures NO nucleus or membrane bound organelles. - bacteria
Plasmids - dpunle stranded DNA - oftencontain additional genes taht aid bacterium survival
Ribsomsomes- makes proteins - 70s
capsule - protects cells from drying out or being englufed by wbc
Nuceliod - dna carries all essential information
cell wall - long chained molecles made up of amino acids
Eukaryotic
Mde up of multi cellular organism such as plants and animals with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Plant cells
Chloroplast - for photosynthesis
vacuole - stores water and ther substances
tonoplast - controls movement in and out of the vacuole
cell wall - supports and protects
amyoplasts - stores starch
Gram staining
GRAM POSITIVE - this is purple
GRAM NEGATIVE - this is pink
PALISADE
these are found in leaves that contain choloplasts.
They can absorb a lot of light because they are packed tightly
so no sun can escape and o it's fully absorvbes so there is more enrgy for photynthesis.
ROOT HAIR CELL
Plant roots
found in epithilium near rot tips no thickening
Lrge surface area <-----> to absorb water and dissolve matierals from soil.
ells are thin to make it easy for absortion
Contain many mitochondria to help supply energy for active transport.
SPERM
ACROSOMES- contain enzymes to digest cuter layers of egg
mid region - with mitchondria to provide and store energy
Unduliopium - for movement t swim to egg
nucleus - contains one set of chromosomes for fertilisation
EGG
Cytoplasm - full of energy rich materials
jelly layer 0 stop more than 1 sperm entering
vesicles specialised - stop more than 1 sperm fertilising egg
nucleus - contains chromosomes 4 fertilisation
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
Multi lobes nucleus - squeeze through small gaps when traveing to infection.
holds lysosomes that cintain enzymes that are used to engul patogens
RBC
Biconcave - enhances surface area
flexible squeeze through capillaries
transport oxygen around body
increased space for heamoglobin for carrying oxygen
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