Biology

          STAGES OF OSMOREGULATION

• Glomelular filtrate is formed

• Water and glucose is reabsorbed at PCT

• Sodium gradient maintained by Loop of Henle

• Water reabsorbed at DCT and collecting duct

                GLOMELULAR FILTRATE

• Diameter of efferent arteriole smaller than afferent arteriole ---> HP in glomerulus

• Water, glucose & mineral ions forced out ---> glomelular filtrate 

Resisted by:

• HP of fluid in renal capsule

• Low WP of blood in glomerulus

• Epithelial cells of renal capsule and capillary 

• Connective tissue

Modifications:

• Podocytes - filtrate passes through gaps 
• Spaces in endothelium

Filtrate passes from blood into renal capsule