B6 IMMUNITY + MEDICINE

1. mouse is injected with chosen antigen obtained from a pathogen

2. mouse's immunes system responds by producing B-lymphocytes (white blood cells) that produce the particular antibody

3. Lymphocytes are extracted from mouse and fused with myeloma cells (tumour cells) to form hybridoma cells

4. the myeloma/tumour cells grow rapidly and lots of identical cells are produced, all of the hybridoma cells produces the same antibody

5. these monoclonal antibodies are collected, purified and can be used to target specific cells and chemicals

monoclonal antibodies are produced to bind to target cells in the body eg prostate cancer cells, anti-cancer drugs can be attached to the monoclonal antibodies so that when they bind to the cancer cell, the drugs can be delivered to the tumours, this is an effective cancer treatment bc the antibodies can't bind to or damage any normal human cells as they don't have the complementary antigens

1. inject a dead/inactive pathogen

2. white blood cells recognise that the antigens are foreign are produce antibodies against them

3. some of these white blood cells remain in the body as memory cells, if same pathogen invades body again, memory cells can produce antibodies faster, and produce more antibodies therefore the antibody conc stays in blood for longer

4. next time same pathogen infects vaccinated person, it will destroyed by immune system before causing illness